Adultery in the Seventeenth Century Essay Example For Students

Infidelity in the Seventeenth Century Essay Since the commencement of development, most grown-up people have foundthat blending off is the most ideal approach to begin and raise a family.Everyculture has its own specific manner of getting these pairings from lifelongpartnerships a guarantee of only a couple years.Some have been made forlove and some for cash. In certain connections, the two accomplices are expectedto stay steadfast, in others just one is permitted to wander, and sometimesboth individuals are given a free rein. A great deal of this is chosen by economicfactors and the measure of pressure that each culture puts regarding the matter ofadultery. During the seventeenth century, the British had a very uniqueway of taking a gander at infidelity that had little to do with adoration and a lot to dowith cash. By taking a gander at Thomas Middletons A Chaste Maid in Cheapsideand a few records from the seventeenth century, one can see whocheated, why they cheated, and a portion of the potential outcomes ofadultery. There are a few senses that individuals have created over centuries ofhunting and gathering that are minimal badly designed in current society.Oneof those impulses is the longing to reproduce a great deal. That is the majorreason why men discover it so attractive to undermine their spouses. For a man, itis conceivable to make a youngster each time he has intercourse with a lady as long asits an alternate lady each time. In early human advancements, men had morestatus in the event that they could accommodate more ladies and their children.Ratherlike a pride of lions, in numerous early social orders, there were a couple of men whowere accountable for the town or network, and they approached all thewomen and fathered all the youngsters. As an end-result of being the dads ofthe people to come, they needed to chase and execute to accommodate theirchildren and ladies (Fisher 87-88). This longing for youngsters hadnt lessened by thetimetheseventeenth century moved around. In early present day England, men were veryconcerned about fathering youngsters and giving them a legacy. In A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, Sir Walter Whorehound and Sir Oliver Kix areboth aristocrats who need to have kids. Sir Walter keeps the Allwits sothat he may lay down with Mrs. Allwit. Mr. Allwit helps bring up the childrenthat his better half has with Sir Walter in return for cash and goods.SirWalter is in reality defensive and envious of Mrs. Allwits expressions of love. He even asks Mr. Allwit in the event that he were once offering to go to/bed to her(Middleton I.ii.105-6) in a regressive portrayal of a keeps an eye on jealousyconcerning his better half. To Sir Walter, it is significant that he knows thechildren are his. He even has a worker that watches the Allwits house tomake sure Mr. Allwit never lays down with his significant other. Sir Oliver and his significant other, Lady Kix, are in an alternate circumstance. They have cash and need to have kids Animal Rights Protests EssayBut in the event that infidelity is a transgression against God, at that point shouldnt the congregation dealwith these delinquents as they do with others (D.T. 10)?It would certainlymake sense on certain levels to leave the discipline of philanderers to thechurch since they hold it as such a horrible wrongdoing. Be that as it may, numerous realizedthat it is hard to find or demonstrate infidelity without aconfession or an observer (D.T. 10). Sometimes be that as it may, infidelity canaffect the legitimate status of an individual. In the event that a lady bears a kid that is nother spouses, at that point that youngster can be denied any inheritance.Also, thenoblemen of England felt that they ought not need to bring up and support theillegitimate offspring of their wives and they certainly shouldnt have topass on their riches to children who werent really theirs. As a result of these convictions, the punishments for individuals got committingadultery were very cruel. In 1650 Parliament really passed a lawthat stated:And be it further enactedthat in the event that any wedded womanshallbe animalistically known by any man (other than her better half, exceptin instances of ravishment) and of such offense or offenses will beconvicted as aforementioned by admission otherwiseand isherebyadjudged crime, andshall endure demise as if there should arise an occurrence of lawful offense withoutbenefit of church (England 828).For men, the discipline was similarly as brutal, however just in the event that they were caughtsleeping with a wedded lady (England 828).Any other extra-maritalaffairs were basically overlooked as unimportant.Whats surprising and unfairabout the entirety of this is a lady can be killed for dozing withanyone other than her significant other, yet other than saying men are not permitted tosleep with different mens spouses, this Act make s no notice of a wedded manand his sweethearts. One case of this law against adulteress ladies happened late in theseventeenth century. The Duke of Norfolks spouse, Mary, was denounced ofadultery and brought before specific individuals from Parliament to argue hercase. The Duke and Duchess both delivered a progression of witnessesincluding workers and companions. A few of the Dukes witnesses said theysaw the Duchess in her chambers and uncovered while another man was there. They did in the long run see her as liable of infidelity, but instead than have herexecuted, the individuals from Parliament let the Duke have a separation (Norfolk 1-22). So for what reason would anybody admit to infidelity when its conceivable that itwill lead to death? By far most of individuals who might undermine theirspouses are not the kind of individuals who feel terrible enough about it afterwardto request that Parliament remove their heads, so it is exceptionally far fetched thatmany individuals at any point admitted after that specific law was passed. Male or female, rich or poor, it appears that everybody in theseventeenth century had motivation to undermine their spouse.Thecharacters in Middletons A Chaste Maid in Cheapside speak to all sides ofthis unusual trap of philanderers and their accomplices in crime.Men like SirWalter did it to have more kids or for no particular reason. Ladies like the WelshGentlewoman needed fondness and security. Rich individuals did it on the grounds that itwas engaging and needy individuals did it for cash. In any event, confronting the sort ofconsequences of these activities, numerous men and many ladies wereunfaithful to their companions. There were strict convictions and laws thatthey overlooked for physical delight and desire.Perhaps thereason people have such a high assessment of loyalty is on the grounds that it is sodifficult for them to accomplish it.

Cognitive Psychology: a Meeting of the Mind and Education

Subjective brain research: a gathering of the psyche and training To John Bruer, intellectual brain science is the basic extension between mind science and instruction. A genuine comprehension of how the mind handles learning assignments might be reached with the assistance of psychological clinicians, says John Bruer, PhD, leader of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In the course of the most recent decade, Bruer has seen the ascent of a â€Å"brain-based† instruction development with the media, instructive experts and specialists attempting to apply essential cerebrum research to the training of the country's children.In a much refered to 1997 article, â€Å"Education and the mind: a scaffold too far,† distributed in the Educational Researcher (Vol. 26, No. 8, p. 416), he condemned a pattern to overinterpret the discoveries of this sort of research and apply it in schools. Holding increasingly prompt guarantee for application in schools, he accepts, are imaging advanc es that look at the human mind's preparing of math, perusing and other explicit learning assignments. Be that as it may, in any event, imaging research, he says, must come from quality intellectual science.Cognitive brain research, says Bruer, can fill in as the â€Å"bridge† between this kind of hard neuroscience and the schools. In a discussion with the Monitor, Bruer, whose foundation is in reasoning and material science and whose establishment subsidizes for the most part biomedical and conduct sc iences investigate, approached therapists to work together more intimately with instructors as they structure investigations of the mind and endeavor to apply their discoveries to training. Q. What have been the absolute most perilous legends that have been spread through mind based education?A. One is the possibility that there's a basic period for school-type learning, an ideal period during mental health that closes at around 11 or 12 years and after which learning turns out to be significantly more troublesome. There's definitely no premise in neuroscience for that guarantee. What a ton of mind based specialists don't acknowledge is that to transform essential mental examination into viable learning rehearses you need to create mediations dependent on psychological science in math, perusing and other branches of knowledge and test them in study halls. Q.Who do you believe is in a situation to do that sort of work? A. Subjective therapists. What many individuals don't understand is that better comprehension of cerebrum work depends on improved comprehension of learning and conduct. Our comprehension of how mental errands are executed by neural structures in the mind is vitally reliant on subjective and conduct look into by clinicians. Q. Are imaging examines depending on this sort of conduct inquire about? A. Completely. To have an interpretable imaging study relies upon cautious social investigation of the test task.Our imaging advancements have restri cted transient and spatial goals, so we need to configuration examines that advance our capacity to take a gander at the littlest pieces of the mind that we can. The best approach to do that is to examine mental number-crunching, for instance, down to its subcomponentsâ€retrieving a number truth, attempting to choose which of two numbers is bigger. You can start to see where those subcomponents may be situated in the cerebrum, and from that point you can start to see the hardware associated with carrying out these responsibilities. Q.Do you imagine that discoveries from mind explore on learning disabilityâ€in math and perusing, for exampleâ€might apply all the more for the most part to teaching youngsters? A. The endeavor to get learning and our psychological limits as far as mind structures is such another order, that on the off chance that they cause progresses throughout the following 50 years as they to have in the course of the last 15, who knows? It could be extremely energizing. Be that as it may, until 10 years prior, most psychological analysts didn't look into the mind. Mind imaging helped change that.But still, this cross breed discipline, psychological neuroscience, that endeavors to delineate mental capacities onto cerebrum zones and circuits, is in its early stages. We as a whole have incredible desires, yet it's difficult to make explicit expectations about what a definitive applications may be. Q. Do you feel that, now, enough psychological therapists are associated with crossing over mind look into with instruction? A. On account of the enthusiasm for cerebrum imaging and psychological neuroscience, there are individuals doing it. In any case, one of the issues is that there aren't sufficient exploratory therapists pondering uses of brain science to education.Part of that is a subsidizing issue. Yet, it's been our involvement with the establishment that on the off chance that you make assets accessible for clinicians to work with inst ructors to do that sort of work, you can inspire some generally excellent proposition. Q. It is safe to say that you are taking a gander at financing that sort of work? A. Indeed. I see a chance to work with some psychological neuroscientists to ask, â€Å"What instructive issues do you figure you may have the option to explain due to what you know? † I might want to see the establishment's enthusiasm moving more toward that path throughout the following five to 10 years. Q. Is t an issue that most psychological clinicians don't have as much involvement in instruction likewise with science? A. Indeed. In many regions there's some grinding among specialists and experts. It happens to be quite obvious in instruction. One approach to deliver that is to empower long haul coordinated efforts among specialists and experts, where they're cooperating as companions as opposed to with the researchers going into schools and going about as ace and teachers as their workers. Two things ne ed to occur. The analysts need to turn into more mindful of and touchy to the issues instructors go up against in the classroom.And educators need to start to think like researchersâ€to in any event comprehend the significance of exploratory controls, proof, this sort of thing. Q. Also, how would you get that joint effort moving? A. One thing we have found is in the event that you convey a solicitation for proposition that requires the educators, the specialists and the analysts to come in together on a venture, they do it. You need to structure financing programs for explore and for improving guidance that join the best research thinking and the best functional homeroom information.

Thomas Jefferson High School Essay Topics

Thomas Jefferson High School Essay TopicsThe Thomas Jefferson High School is located in Jefferson, South Carolina. It is located between Georgetown and Beaufort. This school was established in 1954 and is home to about 4000 students. This high school has a reputation for being one of the top schools in the state.A person who is looking for a place to get a college education can consider applying to this high school. It is a school that offers both online and campus based classes. It also has its own library. This campus has its own gymnasium and many other resources. This school does have a reputation for being tough.Before you decide on a particular essay topic you should do some research on the topic. The student body is diverse and the student body consists of many races and ethnicities. You should make sure that you are writing about something that will be appropriate. The topic should be something that is appropriate for the different people that are in the school.In general, Th omas Jefferson High School essay topics include issues regarding the lives of the students and their families. The topics may also include issues with the school itself. There is much study of these topics at this school. A student will be required to take a class that will go over different ideas that relate to these topics.Most people that are coming from another country find it very difficult to adapt to the culture of the United States. There are also times that you have to leave your own home in order to go to school. For these students, the school provides a lot of support and guidance.A large part of your success as a student is determined by your family. Therefore, this is an issue that you will need to address in your essay. You will also need to talk about the importance of family and how it affects you. There are many things that you can talk about as far as this topic is concerned.Many students that are looking for success at Thomas Jefferson High School will choose a ma jor that will offer them many opportunities. This is a good idea because it will help you find a job after graduation. There are many internships available as well. Another good thing about this school is that there are scholarships available for those students that have a particular interest.If you have a good idea of what you want to write about in a high school essay, you can begin to prepare now. The time of year you start preparing is also important. The essay should not be completed until the day before you graduate.

Paper on Amazon Company

Paper on Amazon Company Amazon Inc. is an American online retailing website that is serving its customers worldwide. Amazon Inc. is one of the biggest retailers, and they are continuously growing since 1994. The founder of Amazon is Jeff Bezos. Amazon offers various products and services, and they are selling their products in more than 11 countries. Amazon is focused on selling low-end and high-end products. Although, it was initially known as a bookstore, however, later the company diversified their offerings, and now they have a range of video games, software, electronic items, apparel, jewelry, furniture, food, toys, and many other services. The mission is focused on providing lowest prices, best options and convenience through e-commerce services to satisfy customer needs. The mission statement of the company is â€Å"We strive to offer our customers the lowest possible prices, the best available selection, and the utmost convenience.† Organizational structure There are some tough competitors of Amazon who are also offering same services. For example, eBay, Wal-Mart, and Netflix are on the top of the list of competitors. Since, Amazon Inc. is offering online services so its customers who are interested in buying all necessities over the internet at low prices. Amazon is successfully managing the global e-commerce operations and it with the help of strong organizational structure. Within the organization, the company has a corporate culture in which managers direct and influence the operational activities. The formal organizational structure of Amazon is based on Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Director, Chief Financial Officer (CFO), and Chief Technology Officer (CTO). Also, there are different segments such as Business development, Amazon Web Services development, Retail product management and merchandising, Information technology, consumer service, Finance, Human Resources, and Legal Operations department. The success of Amazon Inc. is considered because of the effective leadership skills of the founder Jeff Bezos who helped the entire organizational structure to build to be strong and efficient enough to witness growth rapidly. Also, his leadership style is getting famous as he delivers some inspirational speeches to its employees. It will not be incorrect to state Jeff Bezos is the real hero of Amazon who has brought the company to a new level of success. It is because of the innovative technological advancements that provided the company a competitive advantage. Bezos make sure to hire talented workforce, and then he focused on providing extensive product offerings on lowest prices. The one-click system by Amazon was hit, and it helped to attain customer focus towards their site. Thus, with the passage of time, the company managed to earn strong brand name and recognition. Organizational culture Since Amazon is focused on creating a positive and influential organizational culture thus, the main characteristics that the company is following are boldness, innovation, customer-centricity, and peculiarity. It will not be incorrect to state that the organization follows the culture of innovation. It is the reason that they allow their employees to express their ideas freely and maintain the competitive atmosphere. Moreover, it can be said that the culture of Amazon Inc. interprets Bezos’s personality. He has collected like-minded people in his company and energizing their abilities and polishing their skills by providing them opportunities to bring innovation and work in an innovative manner. Thus, it will not be incorrect to state that the company corporate and innovative organizational culture helped to grow more and become successful. Threats The two significant challenges faced by Amazon in the present scenario are the threats of the new entrants that are offering similar products at a low rate. It is considerable that many new online retailing websites have been formed where many international and national products are being sold at the promotional rate. On the other hand, with the advent of the concept of online shopping, many retailing brands have also introduced the online retailing websites which in return can have a negative impact on Amazon. The second most complex challenge faced by Amazon is due to the supply chain management process. It is noticeable that the products that Amazon sells online are being delivered by the courier services. However, at times there are possibilities that the product may get damaged during the deliverance. Therefore, the issues in deliverance stage can have a pessimistic impact on Amazon. Opportunities Even after a tough competition, Amazon has strong brand name and image, and it is the reason that company is striving to maintain its position in the market with the help of expansion of the technology in the service market. Their approach for global expansion is an opportunity that they are availing to keep their game strong. The other strong opportunity that Amazon keeps availing to reach to next level is the growth of cloud computing. With the help of strong IT system, the company can find new areas of growth. Environmental factors The main factors that influence Amazon’s general environment are an economic factor, social factors, and political factors. Each of these general factors has a significant impact on the company’s business’s growth and expansion strategy. Therefore, each of these factors should be analyzed in a righteous manner to maintain the reputation of the company in the marketplace. As Amazon is the largest company in the online retail market so with the increasing competition and new challenges company needs to maintain the resilience and competence. It will not be incorrect to state that the political factors are beneficial for the political stability of Amazon the reason is that government supports the growth of e-commerce and thus expansion of their operations is supported by the government. While talking about the economic factor, it can be said that it is a very important factor for Amazon as its performance depends on the situation of the current economies especially in those countries where Amazon is operating. Considering the social factor and its impact on the company it is noticed that the increasing online shopping habit among people is a positive sociocultural external factor. Amazon’s commitment to sustainability To find out Amazon’s efforts and commitment level on sustainability, it is noticed that Amazon is on lowest ranks because the company never tried to play their role for the sustainability. It was the reason that the company faced strong criticism for not performing their role on corporate social responsibility. Therefore, the company started to pay attention to this issue and tried to take few steps for the sustainability of the environment. Thus, they started initiating few activities for supporting local communities, energy consumption, and recycling. Now, it can be said that Amazon is performing its role for CSR and showing its commitment to the sustainability.

Letter Discrimination Claim Against Women s Centre

INTERNAL MEMORANDUM FROM: XXX Trainee TO: Charles Cavendish REFERENCE: Discrimination Claim CLIENT NAME: May Baloch CLIENT MATER: Discrimination Claim against Women’s Centre I am writing in reply to the query you sent about a client named May Baloch who applied for a job as a counsellor at the local women’s centre. She was well qualified for the job, but at the interview the manager said they were looking for someone from Pakistan. She did eventually find a job two weeks later, which paid the same salary. However, she feels upset that she didn’t get the job and that there could be a claim against the women’s centre (WC). Her claim is best placed under a direct discrimination claim against the WC. Under section 13 (1) of the Equality Act 2010, direct discrimination occurs when a person (A) discriminates against another (B) if, because of a protected characteristic, A treats B less favourably than A treats or would treat others. To succeed in a direct discrimination claim against the WC Mary would have to prove on the facts that: The WC carried out an unlawful act based on a protected characteristic: Under section 4 of The Equality Act (EqA) 2010 a protected characteristic is defined as age; disability; gender reassignment; marriage and civil partnership; pregnancy and maternity; race; religion or belief; sex; sexual orientation. EqA 2010 s. 9 (1) defines race as including ‘colour, nationality, and ethnic or national origins’. In the case of Mary Baloch theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Chris Ofili s No Woman No Cry 1697 Words   |  7 Pagesdepict black women from the chest upwards. No Woman, No Cry(fig 1) is a large, complex layered painting that depicts a crying black woman set in a background amongst various abstract patterns. The black woman is shown in profile wearing blue eye shadow, red lipstick, a string of coloured beads that form a necklace, the jewel of her necklace represented by ball of elephant dung frequently used in Ofili’s paintings. A stream of tears falls from her eyes, which all feature in their centre a very smallRead MoreCatholic Churc h Views Of Ordaining Women Essay1896 Words   |  8 PagesCATHOLIC CHURCH VIEWS OF ORDAINING WOMEN Sexism in the Catholic Church Abstract The purpose of this brief is to provide you with an overview of how the Catholic Church view women being ordained in the church. The views are based on the traditional and doctrinal references that the Catholic religion is based on. The views are from various resources such as the Roman Catholic Church in the Vatican, Pope John Paul II, and the newly elected Pope Benedict XVI. 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She has also taken positions of passionate advocacy, most notably in her campaign against ritual genital mutilation of young women, a practice still institutionalized in many parts of the world, as well as the fight for equal rights for African Americans. Her writing has been praised around the world, increasing its profound impact on literature, social andRead MoreHindi Nibandh on Advantages of Mobile and Disadvantage17790 Words   |  72 Pages1954, a Bombay economist named A.D. Shroff began a Forum of Free Enterprise, whose ideas on economic development were somewhat at odds with those then influentially articulated by the Planning Commission of the Government of India. Shroff complained against the ‘indifference, if not discouragement’ with which the state treated entrepreneurs. At the same time as Shroff, but independently of him, a journalist named Philip Spratt was writing a series of essays in favour of free enterprise. Spratt was a

The Great Gatsby chapter questions Essay - 1936 Words

Pre-Reading 1. Why are we still reading a book written in the 1920s? What gives a book its longevity? We read books that was written in the 1920s because it shows what people were like at that time and what it was like in the world. A book gets its longevity by portraying what happened in the past. 2. How was the 1920s a reaction to WWI? Women were giving more rights, people became interested in goods. 3. Some people think that having money leads to happiness. Do you agree? Why or why not? What are the advantages or disadvantages of being wealthy. I agree that money leads to happiness because if you dont have money you cant buy things, you cant go out and do things like go on vacations and do things just to have fun.†¦show more content†¦Chapter 3 1. Pay attention to Nicks judgments. What do they reveal about his character that he does this (especially in relation to his opening comments)? It shows that he is either extremely hypocritical or that he doesnt realize what hes doing. I think he was always taught not to be judgmental so he doesnt really notice when he does it because he doesnt think hes wrong. 2. Describe Gatsby the first time Nick sees him. Hes staring off into the crowds approvingly but hes by himself. 3. What rumors have been told about Gatsby? Why does Fitzgerald reveal rumors rather than fact? That hes a killer or a liar. They reveal rumors instead of the truth because Fitzgerald is trying to show that no one really know anything about him. 4. What does Nick think of Gatsby after meeting him? Nick thinks of Gatsby as a nice guy and he seems friendly. 5. How is Gatsby different from his guests? He is different because he doesnt talk with people, hes all alone unless hes with someone who works fo him. 6. Why does Nick choose to share his thoughts and feelings with Jordan? He shares things with Jordan because theyre beginning a sort of romantic relationship. 7. Nick thinks hes one of the few honest people he knows, why? Do you think he is honest? This happens because he thinks he follows his dad in being non-judgmental. However, I dont think he is, I think he is judgmental and he isnt honest because heShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby : Chapter 5 Questions1176 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby: Chapter 5 Questions To prepare for his meeting with Daisy, Gatsby wants Nick’s home to look utterly ravishing; therefore he sends for a gardener to cut Nick’s grass. In addition, Gatsby has flowers sent and organizes other little additions. I think that Gatsby does all of this because its their first meeting since Gatsby went to war and Daisy married Tom. He wants Daisy to see the wealth that he earned and to once again create a good impression on Daisy. At one point in their meetingRead MoreEssay about Great Expectations, Life of Pi and the Great Gatsby1274 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Summer Task The Great Gatsby, Life of Pi and Great Expectations: The Opening Chapters The opening chapters of each of these three books are both similar and different in many ways, and succeed to keep the reader interested enough to carry on their journey with Pip, Nick or Pi. The way characterisation is put forward in these three novels is rather similar, in the fact that all three are written in the first person, giving the impression that the character in question is telling their storyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1253 Words   |  6 Pages [OPENING STATEMENT] The Great Gatsby does not clearly yield to either poem or prose causing it to be considered as a lyrical novel rather than the more common narrative. Poetic devices and techniques used by author F. Scott Fitzgerald are more commonly seen with poetry. 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Scott Fitzgerald, who tells the story about the wealthy man of Long Island named, Jay Gatsby, a middle aged man with a mysterious past, who lives at a gothic mansion and hosts many parties with many strangers who were not entirely invited. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, many characters are discussed uniquely to an extent from the festive, yet status hungry Roaring Twenties. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald introducesRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald921 Words   |  4 PagesIn chapter three of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald relays the first encounter with the protagonist of the novel, and is also were his use of literary techniques emotionally involves the reader whilst effectively telling the story so brilliantly. 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Oh, no, saidRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1182 Words   |  5 Pagesalong with it. In the works The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, â€Å"Money† by William Henry Davies, and â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson, the mutual theme is that greed for money corrupts the general person and tears out all slivers of morality. We see in â€Å"Money† and The Great Gatsby the indication that money brings fair-weather friends, and also that poor people are more jubilant than rich people. Complementary, in â€Å"Richard Cory† and The Great Gatsby, it is suggested that outsiders view

Competitive Strategy Business Process Management

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Business Process Management. Answer: Introduction: It becomes more important for any marketers or researchers to understand the meaning of the strategy of a company. There are some companies whose fundamental strategy is to provide products at low cost. The strategy is the process through which a company can able to set their main acquisition to provide a good quality service to their customers. However, the strategy is not only a tactic. Actually, it also describes the goals of the company. The idea of making a strategy has come from the art of the war of SUNTZU. According to the war of SUNTZU, winning is a good strategy and losing is a bad strategy. A good strategy is that which can able to evaluate the given set of desired questions regarding the company (Dekker, 2013). By the help of this strategy, the companies can able to differentiate the similar products within various different organizations. To prepare an effective strategy for the company, they should need reliability, desired satisfaction level from the customers and clie nts and sensation. The company also needs a great brand image which is the very important factor at the time of preparing a strategy for that particular company. According to the several numbers of renowned researchers, brand image is a very important aspect for any company which can help the company to grab a huge number of customers by attracting them towards their products and maintaining a good relationship with the organization and their customers. By the help of this brand image, the company can able to draw a good reputation within the market which also help the company to develop customer trust and belief on their performance and products. According to this research study, the strategy which is implemented within IKEA will help the researchers and marketers to understand the application of it within an organization. The company deals with a business of contemporary style furniture basically the domestic furniture at low cost that is at a reasonable price. The key strategy of this company is to sell their products at a reasonable price in their showrooms just to reach the level of desired orders. Alternatively, the company also has an effective marketing strategy to develop their company. By the help of their effective strategy, they can able to provide first class quality of furniture to their customers for capturing the whole market segments (Liu, 2009). There also have some more strategies which help the company to sell their products which have unique designs and can able to develop the Scandinavian design. The company also accepts the issues regarding the quality of the service to their customers and the complexity of the design about their products within the market. By the help of Henry Mintzberg, the company can able to recognize the differences between the realized strategy, emergence strategy, and intended strategy. According to the researchers, these strategies help the IKEA Company to estimate the desired growth and development of the company in future. Business Model Innovation It has now become a trend to do innovative works that legitimates a company to sustain and grow on the continuous basis. Researchers have found that to be rigid at the company's vision and mission statement, one can lose the innovative idea which gives an edge to other companies to grow and set an extreme competition environment (Zenger and Stinnett, 2010). In a general term, innovation' means a new perspective or idea about the product to be launched across the world market, which certainly has the power to allure customers. Innovation ideas actually help the company in reducing production costs or getting a higher number of customers. Such an example is Apple Inc.' a mobile company which made such innovative mobile phones that increased the customer numbers almost double, which also increased the stocks in the stock market. Without lowering the price of mobile phones Apple Inc' has accumulated the global customers only through the help of peer innovation. Dell' is a company which m anufactures personal computers, laptops, etc has innovated an awesome product called built5 order processes and the sale of which in fact reduced the operational cost and other incurred cost to an extent where the company can work and show a profit in the annual financial reports. These both companies actually changed the traditional trend of making customer friendly products (Bonavina, 2012). There are three points which define how the innovation should be conceived, that is, first point one is that idea should be unique in nature and nobody have had any such thought first, the second point is bigger success comes with bigger resource, may it be the superior knowledge of technology in respective fields, and the third point elaborates that innovation has the history to put the superior companies out of the market periphery, just because of having introduced a new innovative product (Lee, 2010). It has been seen that the company who sought collaboration in different market strategies tend to rise enough then the big giant companies which were once at the top of the consumer's preferences. Such example would be of Nokia' company' which did not change itself according to the market trend whereas Samsung' altered its product design simultaneously and randomly which in return got a huge market credibility by giving eminent services to customers. An innovation-led business model exclusively focuses on initiation, ideation, integration, and implementation of the prospected idea (Dekker, 2013). The first action should be to plan and collect all relevant data regarding the desired precut, then integrate the various idea into a reasonable task, then initiation of proposed strategies, then at the end comes the implementation part which incorporates all the above-mentioned strategies to yield the proposed outcomes. The IKEA Company has truly achieved by implementing all the proposed strategies, as well as eBay. References Bonavina, L. (2012).Innovation in esophageal surgery. Milan: Springer. Dekker, E. (2013).World of Warcraft gold strategy guide. Birmingham: Packt Pub. Driving the economy through innovation and entrepreneurship. (2013). New Delhi: Springer. Jordan, J. (2012).Information, Technology, and Innovation. Hoboken: Wiley. Lee, G. (2010).Business process management of Japanese and Korean companies. New Jersey: World Scientific. Liu, L. (2009).Emerging nanotechnology power. New Jersey: World Scientific. Rud, O. (2009).Business intelligence success factors. Hoboken, NJ: Joh Wiley Sons. Zenger, J., and Stinnett, K. (2010).The extraordinary coach. New York: McGraw-Hill.

The effects of diverse culture of IKEA in UAE to Impact of cultural diversity on IKEA

Executive Summary Being incorporated in Sweden , IKEA holds more than 20% overall market share in Sweden , also able to expand successfully over the last twenty-five years in executing what no furniture distributor has ever endeavoured to turn to be an international player in an industry where it was regarded to be local earlier.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The effects of diverse culture of IKEA in UAE to Impact of cultural diversity on IKEA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More IKEA is the largest furniture retailing giant with a turnover of just 1 million Euros in 1954 and its total turnover has reached 22713 million Euros in 2009 and just 1 store in 1954 to 301 stores in 37 nations in 2009. In UAE, it has two retail stores besides in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Today, IKEA is renowned for its low-priced quality furniture to major markets around the globe. IKEA is the only distributor in its field to have victorio usly made itself in whole of the Europe including Eastern and Southern Europe and more noticeably in USA and in whole of the North America. It is really astonishing how IKEA is managing this vast network of diversity and it appears to be in a characteristic bond of sorts with a robust corporate culture footed on the company’s founder. IKEA acknowledges that cultural variances can result in challenges and misapprehensions but at the same time, they can remain as an incredible source of advantage. IKEA spreads its culture through its â€Å"IKEA Style† by organising seminars for all of its employees whereby the organisations values and roots are detailed and deliberated. Some of the newly joined employees are allowed to make a trip to Sweden where they used to visit the shed where the founder of the IKEA established his business at the start. Some of the employees are even made as an ambassador of the culture they belong. (Hoecklin 35). Impact of cultural diversity on ind ividuals and organisation Identity Structures The mixed group of identities that are seen in the business organisation and the muscle of individual’s connection with particular identities and for instance , despite all people have a gender identify , they differ greatly in the extent to which this identity is significant to them in their own self –definition. (Cox Beale 33).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice refers to the prearranged negative demeanours towards individuals on some group identity. When prejudice demeanours get transformed into demeanours, the discrimination happens. Since discriminations and prejudice are pertinent to a number of group characteristics in business organisations and since, they can be specifically damaging to interpersonal associations. (Cox Beale 96). Stereotyping The state of mental proces s in which the individual is regarded as a member of a group and the info that one has kept in one’s mind about the group is attributed to the individual is known is stereotyping. There exist significant differences between valuing cultural differences and stereotyping. Since, stereotyping is pertinent and persuasive across a wide spectrum of group identities in business organisations, it is important to know more about it as it is decisive for developing capability to manage diversity. (Cox Beale 78). Often, Stereotyping is footed on false notions and anecdotal corroboration or even on consciousness without any direct experience with a group. It denotes about the negative characteristics to members of a group. It engrosses the postulation that characteristics assumed to be common in a cultural group which will be applicable to each and every member. For example, Hamed is an UAE Muslim and hence, he is not aggressive by White, female American standards. (Cox Beale 81). Ethn ocentrism It refers to the predisposition to regard members of one’s group as the focal of the universe, to deduce other social groups from the outlook of one’s own group and to assess the behaviours, beliefs and values of one’s own group to somewhat more positively than those of out-groups. (Cox Beale 33). Resistance to change To know more about the business strategies for administering diversity is a major achievement in bypassing resistance to change initiatives. The resistance to initiating organisational change initiatives associated to diversity frequently happens since these initiatives are regarded as just other stranded efforts in an apparent endless succession of â€Å"hot† interference efforts for making organisations to be more vibrant and competitive. This kind of resistance is footed on very genuine concerns, particularly insofar as they spotlight on the necessity to assimilate different intervention efforts and to make sure that they all a re connected to in general business strategy of the business organisation. (Cox Beale 42). Informal Integration It refers to the impact of diversity, for instance s, the differences in group identity, on informal networks for communication and socialisation and on informal processes of sponsorship and development. Thus, the communication styles practiced by IKEA facilitate to comprehend the nature of host culture like culture of UAE and to operate with behavioural setups and local cultural restrictions in UAE. (Cox Beale 34). Communication There are instances where differences due to intergroup may result in communications barriers or breakdowns. As per Tannen (1994), members of various cultural factions frequently have poignant variances in styles and languages of communications. If diversity in work groups is not well administered, these variances present may act as a bar to understanding and thereby making preserving rapport and trust more difficult. (Cox Beale 42)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The effects of diverse culture of IKEA in UAE to Impact of cultural diversity on IKEA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differences in Management styles If a management trainee is recruited in an IKEA store and if he has to be trained as a entry level manager ,then he will be given training in each of the hourly jobs where he will be learning how the IKEA store is being run , how each department of IKEA functions and rests on a variety of management styles. (Tanke 2000:160). Theory X and theory Y are developed by Douglas McGregor which has two generalised assumptions about human behaviour. Theory X is based on the assumption that people in general are lazy and they must be pushed in productive demeanour on the job. Theory Y is based on that assumption that people can be self motivating and enjoy work if a proper atmosphere exists. McGregor was of the view that majority of people’s nat ure adjusts to Theory Y, where as majority of management styles are based on theory X. (Tanke :209). Literature Review As per research study conducted by John Kotler and James Heskett who were the professors of Harvard Business School in American companies, there were close relationship long-term economic performance of the company and strong corporate culture. Thus, Kotler and Heskett findings corroborate the concept that it is the specific cultural traditions that decide the victory of the strategy for managing the cultural diversity (Hoecklin 35). IKEA is following a successful strategy for managing the cultural differences as it blends the national cultural values of Sweden that with its strategy itself. In IKEA corporate values and practices are constructed around such Swedish values as frugality , egalitarianism , simplicity , hard work , paying attention to individuals etc.Thus ,the values appears to present at the more fundamentals level of human nature that to be specific t o one national culture. IKEA adopted a careful approach and has entered into various markets rather carefully and peers into how they can harmonise present trends in a market. This â€Å"fusion† assists to reduce cultural clash with customers and employees. The job application form of IKEA in all regions including UAE have the following statement at the top thereby establishing a clear cut policy for commemorating diversity from an employee’s initial interface with the IKEA. â€Å"In our IKEA family, we wish to have the human being as focal and to support each other.† (Parker 81).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The establishment of networked systems for communication both socially and technically that helps to adopt fastly has been a special trait of Swedish. What has been referred as â€Å"relationship management â€Å"engrossed in might communications systems has been pioneered in the Sweden. Such value added networks together with the variety of services they offer, emanate from out of the highly developed â€Å"visual spatial† intelligence that is mirrored in creating cultural diversity in IKEA. (Lessem 359). IKEA stands as model that the creation of transnational corporate culture and identity is possible and the replica selected by IKEA for establishing its transnational corporate identify has been however condemned since it is more heavily relied towards Swedish national culture. It is to be noted that the simple transnationalisation of a Swedish culture around the world might be followed by a significant losses to corporate’s flexibility and as well as creativity. I t is rather surprising that the overwhelming success of IKEA’s strategy which means one-directional conveyance of the Swedish management technique to assimilate into other cultural atmosphere like UAE. It really connotes that IKEA’s values specifically vulnerable to cultural convergence and transnationalisation since they symbolise significant values of our present times and globalised world. (Mann Gotz 307). To remain successful in USA, IKEA was compelled to make transformations to the idea that had earlier worked well in Europe and Asia including UAE. In 1985, IKEA entered into the American market. In 1988, IKEA witnessed a steel fall in its sales in USA in alarming proportion. It was evident that some features of the IKEA ideology were not appreciated or understood by Americans. To adjust the IKEA culture with that of American culture, IKEA has to undertake major transformations in its cultural ideology. Though it was a novel experience for IKEA, it has been compel led to introduce some proper cultural fine tunings in other nations also including UAE. Though, the salient structure of IKEA cultural ideology remained unchanged, some fine-tuning was needed to Americanise the concept. Due to this, IKEA penetration into the US market progressed up astonishingly. (Edvardsson Enquist 2008:89). About 20,000 new employees are being recruited by IKEA on yearly basis. All of these new employees are appointed at the national level and there has been much transfer between various nations’ operations. IKEA is of the strong view that diversity offers a more demanding business. (Edvardsson Enquist 89). Appropriate staff recruitment at the store level at UAE has been regarded as a cornerstone and specific attention is paid to experience in retailing and a service-oriented attitude of the new recruits and if they lack specific skills, adequate training is being given to them that will suit the cultural diversity of UAE. When interviewed the managers of various IKEA stores across the globe including UAE, they observed that the key role played by the IKEA culture is one of the strong factors of success. (Edvardsson Enquist 91). The style in which IKEA sells furniture through Swidishness or Swidishness through its furniture is the best illustration of the style that present globalisation encourages the commoditification of the cultural difference. (Radway Janice 1994: 206) It is to be observed that as societies integrate culturally, they become more diverse in many aspects. For instance, IKEA has brought Swedish design to UAE co-existing with UAE design. (Collier Dollar 15). IKEA has built a vibrant corporate culture footed on some key values of the company’s founder which are fundamentally the same in every nation in which IKEA do business. IKEA’s style of management has a universal appeal. IKEA employed a global style of management which maintained a â€Å"Swedish Flavour â€Å"which is in consonance with their own corporate practices which have an edge over other styles of management. IKEA employs pioneering workplace efforts to corroborate its inclusive viewpoint like â€Å"pancakes with store manager â€Å"gatherings where co-employees have a chance to exchange their view in an open forum. For supervisors and managers, IKEA is having in place mandatory value workshops in regular phase. In IKEA, diversity is being ensured and also celebrated and the every employees are asked to rate the managerial skills of IKEAs managers and their rating will be used in their salary review. Recommendation Tools for Managing Diversity Empowerment Diversity exists in a business organisation when there exists varied cultural, demographic and personal differences among the employees who work there and the customers who receive services or products from there. (William 2005:395). Diversity refers to characteristics of individuals that mould their identities and their experience in the workplace. Diversity refers to the magnitude of variances among members of an organisation or a group. In many ways, people are diverse. Within the workforce, people differ in their ethnicity /race, gender, religion, ability and age. There also exists differences in their sexual , military status , values ,expectations , socioeconomic status , lifestyle , work style , and position or function within the organisation .( Lussier 2006:242_. Keys (1995) emphasises that through empowerment of employees a business can achieve organisational process and can attain an excellent quality service. Further, TQM spotlights on managing the whole organisation to yield quality to customers and significant ingredients include employee empowerment, client satisfaction and continuous enhancement in customer satisfaction. ( Kirst –Ashman Hull 167). Diversity Training Programs IKEA’s dedication to the ever prolonging development of its employees was mirrored in the IKEA’s policies on development and tr aining of its employees. The company is having in place a wide-ranging professional and training program to strengthen and promote the advancement of its workforce. Its workforce could make use of many available resources including classroom sessions, books and online instructions to cater their needs in acquiring advanced knowledge or increasing their skills. IKEA is also having specialised training programs in provinces like health, diversity, environmental and safety consciousness. (Pearce 709). Mentoring/Networks Mentoring has been used an important tool of IKEA’s employee knowledge program . IKEA launched a program namely â€Å"partners for growth† which was a twelve months mentoring effort that teamed IKEA’s junior managers with senior managers from different locations of IKEA. Mentoring is anticipated to train and prepare junior managers for the top positions in the future and to assist IKEA to cater its needs in coming years. (Pearce 709). Summary IKEA i ntends to have a workforce that mirrors the diversity of a neighbourhood. For instance , IKEA store in Atlanta has a mixed workforce which includes Asians , whites , Hispanics and African –Americans. Its stores office in Atlanta also does have a diversified workforce as logistic manager of its store is a German whereas its workers include workforce from Denmark , Guyana , Canada and Spain. Thus , diversity in IKEA is one facet that to move around its Swedish roots but at the same juncture acknowledging varied cultures. Thus , IKEA is having a diversified workforce where its entire workforce is called co-workers and its managers are involved in helping the company to market its products towards target customers . IKEA is strongly believing in variety of workforce from varied backgrounds will fortify its organisation setup and thus making their company a really true ,strong , global company. ( Ritzler 2007). Conclusion If one takes into account the lessons learnt by IKEA when t hey globalised their business strategies and by relying on particular theory and research in the gamut of cross cultural diversity it could be concluded that in spite of real globalisation process , cultural differences prolong to divide the globe into provinces and conditions and the possibility of perusing a global style of management and standardisation of products , operating methods and services on the global level. Hence, variances in perceptions, communications and values which make significant to comprehend the nature of host culture and function with local cultural restrictions and behavioural patterns. These issues may make constraints in the fields like product development, marketing, HRM, organisational structures and other management problems. Comprehending behavioural variances is a crucial factor as it defines the style in which organisations do businesses. Hence , international companies like IKEA must assess their business practices to make sure that regional norms in UAE in behavioural characteristics are being given great significance. Thus , IKEA tradition encourages the realisation of every individual potentiality and respecting everyone’s diversity and IKEA visualises this as an integral aspect of its competitive advantage. Recruitment strategy of IKEA relies heavily on values and diversity and not on its earlier retail practices. IKEA’s dedication to diversity is corroborated by the fact that it offers translations for non-English applicants both during the recruitment phases and during the induction phases and IKEA’S workplace slogan is â€Å" dare to be you.† Thus , IKEA’s rational cultural diversity and workplace efforts have assisted to maintain the lower labour turnover rate in the industry and it also helps to increase its performance and profitability year after year. Works Cited Collier, Paul Dollar, David. Globalisation, Growth and Poverty: Building an Inclusive World Economy. New York: World Bank, 2002. Cox, Traylor Beale, Ruby L. Developing Competency to Manage Diversity : Reading , Cases and Activities. New York: Barrett –Koehler Publishers, 1997. Edvardsson Bo Enquist Bo. Value-Based Service for Sustainable Business: Lessons From IKEA. New York: Taylor Francis, 2008. Hoecklin , L.A. Managing Cultural Differences For Competitive Advantage. Hyderabad: University Press, 2000. Kirst –Ashman , Karen K Hull, Grafton H. Generalists Practices with Organisations and Communities. London: Cengage Learning, 2008. Lessem, Ronnie. Management Development Through Cultural Diversity. New York: Routledge Taylor Francis Group, 1998. Mann, Clarence J Gotz, Klaus. Borderless Business: Managing the Far-Flung Enterprise. New York: Greenwood Publishing, 2006. Parker, Barbara. Introduction to Globalisation and Business: Relationships and Responsibilities. New York: Sage Publishing, 2005. Pearce. Strategic Management : Formulation , Implementation and Control. New Delhi. T ata McGraw Hill, 2008. Radway, Lawrence Janice. Cultural Studies: Vol 8, Issue 2. New York: Routledge Taylor Francis Group, 1994. Ritzler , Karl W. ( 2007). Swedish Standards Drive IKEA. 18 December 2010 Web. Tanke, Mary L. Human Resources Management for the Hospitality Industry. London: Cengage Learning, 2000. This report on The effects of diverse culture of IKEA in UAE to Impact of cultural diversity on IKEA was written and submitted by user Wh1teQueen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Juvenile Crime essays

Juvenile Crime essays Jeffery Ian Ross discusses the different types of political crimes committed by the state and crimes against the state. He discusses ways in which these types of criminal behaviors can be controlled and the different causes of these types of crimes. Some political crimes are used against the social and public order while others are just acts of violations used to disturb social behaviors. Political crimes follow a dynamic pattern, which examines political crime as that which results from the interaction between anti-systemic crime and state crime. State crime causes oppositional crimes and vice versa. Using the system of terrorism as an example shows that the Israeli terrorism motivated Palestinian anti-systemic terrorism, which in turn led the Israeli security against the Palestinian people. This put the blame on all of the Palestinian people and not just on the anti-systemic terrorist group, conferring that everyone must take the blame for the groups actions. This can be summed up using the macro theory, which states, the theories explain how environmental factors (including institutions, economics, political systems, and culture) affect individuals and groups (Ross 21). There are a number of other theories described in this book, which explains vast reasons as to why the dynamics of political crimes exist and multiply. The opposing theory to the macro theory is the micro theory, which deals with peoples differences, their mental states and interactions. This theory is closer in relation to the psychological theory, which delves deeper into the mental states and behavior patterns of individuals. Mostly in dealing with the behavioral patterns it is dealing with delinquent behavior, involvement in gangs, or other criminal acts. In particular, Sutherland argues that criminal behavior is learned in a process of symbolic interaction with others...

Japanese Great Armor Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Japanese Great Armor Analysis - Research Paper Example The covering was chiefly worn by the higher positioning samurai on horseback. The lower positioning officers had covering that was like the Ã… -yoroi, however had less segments, was lighter, and failed to possess the embellishing markings of the higher positioning samurai1. The majority of the data thought about the Ã… -yoroi is taking into account the covering of the higher-positioning authorities since the shield was either given to a sanctuary as an offering or kept up by the relatives of the first wearer. Large portions of the first segments of the Ã… -yoroi still in presence have been supplanted after some time because of the things being lost or harmed. The few remaining cases of Ã… -yoroi are on showcase in galleries in a few distinctive nations. There are additionally a couple of cases of Ã… -yoroi in Shinto sanctums where they have been kept up and secured for quite a long time. Therefore, it can be said that the yoroi was for only the rich in the society and was seclud ed for the chosen few. It may have signified royalty as well. The essential parts of the Ã… -yoroi and other samurai protection are referred to altogether as the "hei-no-rokugu" or essentially "rokugu," which implies six articles of arms. The six noteworthy segments are the dÃ…  (midsection reinforcement), kabuto (protective cap), menpo (facial shield), kote(armoured sleeves), sune-consumed (shin covering), and the hai-date (thigh defensive layer). One particular propel over prior shields is that the kozane of Ã… -yoroi are initially bound together and afterward secured with polish, which improves imperviousness to corrosion. The dÃ…  of the Ã… -yoroi is one of a kind from later models in light of the fact that it is made out of two different parts rather than one piece with an opening as an afterthought or again of the dÃ…  to permit the samurai to put on the protection. The samurai class, speaking of a negligible seven to ten percent of the

Case Study-Police and the Law Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

-Police and the Law - Case Study Example For this reason, the Exclusionary Rule that is recognized by the United States Supreme Court comes to primary importance. For purposes of this brief analysis, this author will utilize the fundamental precepts of the Exclusionary Rule alongside three specific cases, Weeks v. United States, Rochin v. California, and Mapp v. Ohio, to illustrate the progressions that the judicial system has made with reference to realizing, appreciating, and categorizing the means by which evidence can be legally and rightfully obtained as well as recognized within a court of law. For purposes of clarity, the Exclusionary Rule will be defined within this analysis as a legal principle under constitutional law which states that any evidence that is collected which violates the rights of the defendant is non-admissible for criminal prosecution in a court of law. The importance of such a constraint is massive due to the fact that it helps to place much needed limits on the powers that the prosecuting entity, almost invariably that of law enforcement, can legally impose on an individual that is suspected of transgressing the law. For purposes of explanation, one can directly link the development and historical significance of the Exclusionary Rule to the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In such a way, the Exclusionary Rule can be understood as an expansion of the power that protects citizens from unlawful searches and seizures. As will be seen in the proceeding analysis, this prohibition against unlawful search and seizure can even extend into cases which police and the requisite authorities have all necessary search warrants necessary to perform a standard search (Fettig 2010). In this way, the unique level to which the exclusionary rule works within the judicial system helps to ensure that even if law enforcement representatives have requisite documentation, they are not allowed to deviate from a proscribed role in seeking to gain such evidence. As the following cas es will show, a great deal of development has taken place within the Exclusionary Rule and the means by which the rights of the individual have been championed in place of granting greater and more expansive powers to law enforcement. With respect to the first of these cases, that of Weeks v. United States (1914), this was a case that set a level of precedent with relation to the Fourth Amendment and the application thereof to ensure that evidence gained during a warrantless seizure was inadmissible in a federal court of law. The prohibition against allowing evidence procured in such a manner being admissible in a federal court of law was beyond merely disallowing federal agents to gather such evidence and present it within a federal court, it also prohibited federal agents from receiving evidence received in such a manner from being retrieved by their state or local counterparts. However, noticeably missing from this case was a prohibition against any evidence whatsoever being gath ered or utilized in such a way (Campbell 2011). The case itself was concentric upon Weeks having his own possessions rifled and taken during a police search that did not have the power of a search warrant. As such, Weeks protests were eventually heard by the Supreme Court and the case itself was thrown out due to the majority opinion that such a search violated the soon to be elaborated upon Exclusionary Rule

Information Overload Essay

Information Overload Essay Information Overload is an increasing problem both in the workplace and in life in general. It is a state in which the amount of available information is so overwhelming a person is unable to effectively process and utilize it. Information overload is intuitively noticeable in our daily lives. Walking any street, we can hardly measure the amount of information we are exposed to. Information hits us from all directions, newspapers, television, voice mail, cellular phones, email, electronic memos, and the World Wide Web, to name a few. This increase in information, combined with the factor of change in many aspects of our lives, can lead to an unhealthy effect. Information Overload is when you are trying to deal with more information than you are able to process to make sensible decisions. The result is either that you either delay making decisions, or that you make the wrong decisions. Understanding Information overload The first recorded use of the phrase information overload was used by the futurologist Alvin Toffler in 1970, when he predicted that the rapidly increasing amounts of information being produced would eventually cause people problems. Heylighen (1999) noted, People exposed to the rapid changes of modern life may develop a state of helplessness and inadequacy. Nelson (2001) defines information overload as the incapability to obtain a form of knowledge from a massive amount of information for one reason or another. Information overload can take place for one of these reasons: 1. Not understanding the existing information 2. Feeling inundated by the need to absorb huge amounts of information 3. Not knowing if the needed information exists or not 4. Not knowing where to obtain the information 5. Knowing where the information is but have no access privilege Causes of Information overload Information overload was experienced long before the appearance of information technology and electronic gadgets. Complaints about too many books echo across the centuries, from when books were papyrus rolls, parchment manuscripts, or hand printed. After Printing innovation books were produced and accumulated in unprecedented numbers, and, given their drop in cost, many more readers than before had access to more books than they could read. In the Internet era where millions of smart phones and gadgets are sold every day, zillions of tons of data are being produced. Thus making people spoilt for choices. With a touch, one can easily get almost any data from any corner of the world. The rate of production of different kinds of data such as news, text, multimedia and graphs is breathtaking. For example: YouTube where 24 hours of video is being uploaded in every minute and the rate is increasing everyday. There are millions of sites are there and even the IP address is going to be exhausted. One could imagine the amount of electronic data that is available to digest. Organizations accumulate a huge amount of information about its internal operations and resources. Fifteen years ago only phone, fax and post mails were used for communication. There is a general increase in business communication by voice mail, e-mail, internet and online conferencing in addition to the above mentioned traditional methods which results information overload. Disadvantages of information overload for an organization Too little or too much information is not good for an individual and an organization. Too much reduces their ability to concentrate effectively on the most important messages. People facing information overload sometimes try to cope by ignoring some of the messages, by delaying responses to messages they deem unimportant, by answering only parts of some messages, by responding inaccurately to certain messages, by taking less time with each message, or by reacting only superficially to all messages. Persons exposed to excessive amounts of information are less productive, prone to make poor decisions, and risk suffering serious stress-related diseases. He becomes highly selective and ignore a large amount of information or give up and dont go beyond the first results in many cases, need more time to reach a decision, make mistakes, have difficulties in identifying the relationship between the details and the overall perspective and waste time. Information overload affects-and afflicts-both individual knowledge workers, struggling to perform their jobs while drowning in data, and entire office organizations, whose productivity and customer care suffer as a consequence. The abundance of information we enjoy today comes at a price. Less apparent is the tremendous hidden cost it imposes on the organization as a whole. In one study, for example, people took an average of nearly 25 minutes to return to a work task after an email interruption. Another study found that time lost to handling unnecessary e-mail and recovering from information interruptions cost Intel nearly $1 billion a year. An article in the October issue of HBR, found that forcing knowledge workers to take weekly breaks from email and other work distractions improved performance. Information Overload on an organization is to understand all the lost opportunities it causes and inefficiencies produced. The amount of information has increased for a number of reasons: there is a general increase in business communication, in-company and with customers and suppliers; trends such as globalisation and deregulation increase competition; companies are downsizing and fewer secretaries are employed to protect people from information; more outsourcing means a wider range of other companies with which it is necessary to communicate. There are also more ways to communicate: by fax, voice mail, e-mail, internet and online conferencing, in addition to the more traditional methods, telephone, meetings, post and telex. The cost to business Time is wasted. People spend too much time looking for information. 38% of managers surveyed waste substantial amounts of time just looking for information. Factors such as the holding of files in different software formats and the speed of the internet at critical times of day contribute to this. Decisions are often delayed: 43% of respondents though that decisions were delayed and otherwise adversely affected by analysis paralysis or the existence of too much information. 47% of respondents said that information collection distracts them from their main responsibilities. They find it difficult to develop strategies for dealing with the information they retrieve. It is interesting to imagine the potential increase in productivity if all distractions were removed. The human costs The study identified for the first time that information overload contributes to stress. Two out of three respondents associated information overload with tension with colleagues and loss of job satisfaction. 42% attributed ill-health to this stress. 61% said that they have to cancel social activities as a result of information overload and 60% that they are frequently too tired for leisure activities. National differences In general these were not considered to be of great significance. Managers in the USA and the United Kingdom get the most unsolicited information. Asian managers appear to need less information to make decisions: only 9% claimed to need enormous amounts of information compared with 31% in the United States. Their major decisions may be made through intuition to a greater extent. More United States managers (39%) agree that they suffer stress than those in the UK and Hong Kong. People can no longer develop effective personal strategies for managing information. Faced with an onslaught of information and information channels, they have become unable to develop simple routines for managing information. Technologies for managing information are often the problem, not the solution. They can create the M25 effect: more lanes just means more traffic. People create and distribute because they can, not because its useful. Intranets can become like the internet full of home-made home pages and dead links. Intelligent agents frequently do not live up to their name. Current research suggests that the surging volume of available information-and its interruption of peoples work-can adversely affect not only personal well-being but also decision making, innovation, and productivity. In one study, for example, people took an average of nearly 25 minutes to return to a work task after an e-mail interruption. Thats bad news for both individuals and their organizations. Theres hope, though. Innovative tools and techniques promise relief for those of us struggling with information inundation. Some are technological solutions-software that automatically sorts and prioritizes incoming e-mail, for instance-designed to regulate or divert the deluge. Others prevent people from drowning by getting them to change the way they behave and think. Who knows: Maybe someday even I will enjoy swimming in the powerful currents of information that now threaten to pull me under. Before we can take action / set the procedure to minimize the negative effect of information overload, we should do the analysis of information flows both individual and organisation. Not only for electronic information source such email, but also for spoken words, reading books and talking to friends and family. The analysis is started with identification what information we need based on our key information areas, when we need the information, to whom we should exchange the information with (information sharing), and why we need the information and how we turn the information into results. After understand the information flow, we will be able to set/construct the procedure of information handling which consists of filtering, information pruning, time management, to-do list and optimization the use of current technology as information organizing and distributing tool. There are two types of filtering information i.e. technical filter and daily communication filter. The technical filter is easier to manage as once we set our preference it will work accordingly. An example of technical filter is filter function that is available in e-mails. Filtering daily communication is more difficult because it depends much on the situation and current conversation at that time. Every reaction to another person is an indication of what you want to hear or not hear during the rest of the conversation. We often think that the information is important/useful for the recipient which actually not from recipient point of view. Filter prime our thinking and test whether the new information is important. However, the filter should not be too rigid, as it may exclude coincidences. We will no longer accidentally stumble across information, as is often part of searches on the internet. As regards of second information flow, we can decide more quickly to simply stop receiving it if the information is just nice to know instead of need to know. We will not miss anything as we dont use this information for making decision. Besides that, this less important information will leave us less time for really important information. There is a tool for technical pruning such as setting up the expiry date and which action should we take e.g. file, cancel, delete, etc. Time management is important as time is always in exceedingly short supply. We never enough with the time that we have. Therefore, attention and concentration are important aspect in time management. With full attention and concentration the time spent for managing information is more efficient. Because we need to remember increasingly more, we need an aid i.e. to do list of actions so that we can keep tracking what things we still need to do/settle. This practice alone will give us a lot of added value. Besides the to-do list, it is also good if we also make not-to-list so that when the time come, we are ready. Nowadays with high technology we can optimize the IT to help us to organize and distribute the information.

My Personal Philosophy of Education :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays

My Personal Philosophy of Education For as long as I can remember I have wanted to be a teacher. As a child I taught countless spelling lessons and math problems to classes of stuffed animals and Barbie dolls. Now I am all grown up and I want some real children in those seats not teddy bears and dolls. I can’t wait to begin teaching and working with the students. Until then I am working on honing my skills, developing a suitable philosophy, and planning how I will become the best teacher that I can be. I think all students yearn to learn. Students gobble up knowledge if it is presented to them in an appetizing manner. Students need to be ready to learn something before they will. They can’t really be force-fed knowledge. They have to be willing to take it in and digest it. Only then can something be truly learned. Many time students are taught something just so they can spit it back out on a test. Students need to be able to use what they have learned in a practical way. Lots of times something is learned, tested on, and then the student forgets it. If you can’t remember or use what you have learned then what is the point in learning it at all? Real knowledge comes with applying subject matter to real life and using what you have learned. The overall purpose of education is teaching a student how to think. I want my students to learn how to think critically. To think is to comprehend what has been learned and be able to use it in a real situation. Thinking isn’t promoted when children are trained to be like parrots and repeat what they know without ever using that knowledge. Thinking also includes making thoughtful decisions. I want my students to realize how their actions and decisions affect themselves and others. This would be thinking about the moral value of their thoughts and actions.

Evolution of Human Affairs Essay

Leo Darroch experiences â€Å"The Past is our Present to your Future† whenever she reads this inscription in front of the monument of the former Prime Minister Earl Grey in the center of the Newcastle upon Tyne, a city in UK. (Darroch, Online) These words, according to the author, were most probably inscribed to delve upon the people the value of maintaining traditions of the Catholic Church. This was love for traditions; quite unique and true but it is also true that from our past is born our present and from our present our future. The way we have adopted our lives and the way we are living today and caught in the vicious circle of our lives has been the result of more than 400 years of evolution of several human affairs in the form of several mile stones crossed in all social, economic, political, military as well as all in the spheres that human life can even think of. From the reign of the France’s King Louis XIV to the death of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1821, many changes took place, which had an everlasting impact not only in France and Britain but also whole of Europe and even many parts of the world, which were colonies. These changes were predominantly on account of the reforms constituted by the rulers in their respective periods. Many reforms took revolutionary turns changing complete life styles and whole traditional values and concepts on which their life was based. Many adventurous propositions of King Louis IV led to many wars in the Europe between the years 1650-1715. Several changes were witnessed in wars, and many theories, new techniques of warfare and new practices emerged with many culminating in what is known as modern way of warfare. He introduced special rewards for the most courageous and virtuous soldiers, and established new order to raise the power and prestige of the soldiers. King also announced for the soldiers revenue and pensions, which would increase according to the capability of the soldier. This was the established in the name of Saint Louis and only officers who had been serving in the troops and on the basis of merit and distinguished services were considered as eligible for the same and would get special honors and rewards. Today also we can see same military orders in several nations. Army officers are bestowed with various honors and rewards on virtue of their bravery and valor. According to historians, the reign of Louis XIV was beginning of the modern state. Many of the things we see today like centralized government, a centralized civil bureaucracy, national legislation, a national judiciary was initiated under the reign of Louis XIV. (Page, Online) Louis XIV was considered as the greatest ruler of his age and time and the impact of the reforms he laid we can still feel today. Years 1769 to 1821 saw rise of Napoleon Bonaparte in France, who is still known as the Emperor of swords unleashing his power over all Europe as well as Russia and threatened British Monarchy but according to historians, he was not only a monarch but also a great administrator. He left for his subjects and for their coming generations an incessant impact of his intelligence and heart; 20,000 miles of imperial roads, 12,000 miles of regional roads, thousands miles of canals were the efforts of Napoleon’s long sightedness. (Weider, Online) He also built the Great Cornice road along the Mediterranean coast, and the mountain roads, which were laid along the Alps through Simplon Pass and Mont Cenis, and many harbors were also expanded. (Weider, Online) It was his innovative and thought process that has made our travel smooth and easy and till today these roads are the lifelines of our economy and our whole life. There is also no doubt that the period of industrial and scientific revolution only made possible for us to zoom with a speed across these roads. Reaching destinations now takes very less time in contrast to the past. Napoleon also started various think tanks and research centers in France to begin their work on projects deemed very important for the national economy. He also set up an Industrial Board to facilitate the provision of data and information for the French Industry; now also there are many industrial boards helping the industries in all its spheres of activities. It was also the period of enlightenment and Napoleon took advantage of the same by establishing modern system of education. He transferred the administrative control of the public schools from the dominion of Catholic Church to the State, making schools as institutions of moral values, patriot feeling and the intelligence. Now nuns and priests were forbidden to teach in the public schools and under the reign of Napoleon, France might had been the first ever nation to set up high schools comprising different levels often called as â€Å"lycees centrales† (Haas, 1) for students scoring high average marks and also schools imparting knowledge on trade, mining, astronomy and varied related subjects, and now when we look at our schools today, we find the same system. In all the public schools, we are taught different subjects and even children of today are graded and put on the role in the schools depending on the interest of their subjects and also on their grade level. Napoleon also developed a civil code, which is still in force in France, known as the Code of Napoleon. (Haas, 1) Between the years seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were the years of many changes; the Age of Absolutism, the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, the American & French Revolutions entered the lives of people of Britain, France, Europe and slowly yet steadfastly creped into the world with new thoughts, enlightenment, scientific discoveries and industrial revolution. Scientific revolution, which was thought to begin around 15th century, changed the scientific ideas which were popular in physics, astronomy and biology. Thoughtful and intelligent minds, scientists and scholars were questioning on the various beliefs and practices. People started believing sun as the center of the Universe, which was not so few decades back, secondly, the Aristotelian theory on the matter as continuous and made of Earth, Water, Air, Fire got changed to the notion that matter of atomic. Scientific revolution also questioned the predominant religious thoughts on the God and the existence of the Earth to the extent that we still believe such things today. We still believe Sun is the center of the whole Universe and now we question every thing, which is religious and natural. We often find ourselves asking what is God and what is nature? Is there any thing like God because no science has discovered this so for; we believe what is scientific? French revolution brought social changes; nobility and Feudal lordship was abolished and women, poor and the middle class got all the economic, social and political rights which were withheld by them before the revolution whereas after the American revolution, there was new hope of light for the colonists. The new nation that was created formulated new laws and new ideas with own governance providing common defense and general welfare. The effect of the changes brought about by the revolution we can see till today: women, poor and middle class people enjoy more rights today. Women can enter into any occupation of her choice and the poor and the middle class can exert all their social and political powers. All around us, we can see equality, fraternity, secularism and continuous progress. Though we are now wearing different style of clothes, live in the architecturally different houses having power of electricity enabling us to enjoy everything world is providing yet these are the fruits of those periods of 400 years old. The age of enlightenment during the same era made us perpetuate to think rationally on every aspect of life, which previously bounded us to age-old superstitious beliefs. Now whatever we are taught, we have every right to think on rational grounds. Philosophers of the period of enlightenment like Pascal, Descartes, Bayle, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau told us to adopt and believe in our power of reasoning. (Rempel, Online) Today too we could see ourselves discovering new things and every time new waves of thought process. We are today no doubt as a consequence of the revolutions of our bygone days, with more rights to get education, follow our religious ideals and political endeavors and enter into nationalist’s thoughts. We have more freedom, more privileges and more objects of luxury. We can reach across the globe sitting at home with the help of new technologies but at the same time, we have also confided ourselves in selfishness. With the modern techniques of warfare and nuclear bombs, we are always at the threshold of risk and moreover our scientific endeavors are rendering us more vulnerable to the threat of environment degradation and economic hatred. But overall we are now imbibed and bestowed with the greatest powers which should be enjoyed by human beings like their natural rights, rational thoughts, equality, secularism, nationalism and above all continuous progress. Works Cited Darroch, Leo. â€Å"The Past is our Present to your Future†. Internet (2002) Available: http://www. latin-mass-society. org/leounavoce. htm, April 3, 2008. Haas, Werner. â€Å"The Reforms of Napoleon and Their Impact on Europe. † Internet (2007) Available: http://www. associatedcontent.com/article/257247/the_reforms_of_napoleon_and_their_impact. html? cat=37, April 3, 2008. Page, Thomas M. â€Å"Age of Absolutism†. Internet. Available: http://history2. professorpage. info/absolutism. htm, April 3, 2008. Rempel, Gerhard. â€Å"AGE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT. † Internet. Available: http://mars. wnec. edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/enlightenment. html, April 3, 2008. Weider, Ben. â€Å"The Assassination of Napoleon. † Internet. Available: http://www. napoleon-series. org/ins/weider/c_assassination_w. html, April 3, 2008.

The German Lyrics for Edelweiss

If youre a fan of the The Sound of Music, then you probably have the words to Edelweiss memorized. But if you only know the song in English, its time to learn how to sing it in  German. Edelweiss is more than just a sweet song from a classic musical. Its also a good  example of how songs are translated into different languages. Though it was written in English for a 1959 American musical set in Austria  that was adapted as a movie in 1965, German lyrics werent written until later. It might surprise you to learn that the translation isnt exact; in fact, its not even close, except in the general sentiment. Before we get into the translation, heres some background on the song. Edelweiss Isnt German or Austrian The first thing you should know about Edelweiss is that its not an Austrian or German song. The only thing German about it is its title and the alpine flower itself. The song was written and composed by two Americans:  Richard Rodgers  (music) and  Oscar Hammerstein II  (lyrics). Hammerstein had a German heritage—his grandfather, Oscar Hammerstein I, was born in what is now Poland to a German-speaking Jewish family—but the song is strictly American. In the film, Captain von Trapp (played by  Christopher Plummer) sings an emotional version of Edelweiss, a resounding, memorable rendition that may have contributed to the false idea that its the Austrian national anthem. The second thing  to know about  Edelweiss is that it, like The Sound of Music, is virtually unknown in Austria. Although Salzburg, Austria, bills itself as The Sound of Music City, customers for The Sound of Music tours include very few Austrians or Germans. Edelweiß der Liedtext (Edelweiss Lyrics) Music by Richard RogersEnglish Lyrics by  Oscar HammersteinDeutsch: UnknownMusical: The Sound of Music Edelweiss is a very simple song no matter which language you choose to sing it in. Its a great way to practice your German with a tune that you probably already know. Both the German and English lyrics are below. Notice how each language uses the songs rhythm and has  the same or nearly the same number of syllables per line. Both sets of lyrics have a romantic feel, not only in the meaning of the words  but also in how they sound. German Lyrics English Lyrics Direct Translation Edelweiß, Edelweiß, Edelweiss, Edelweiss, Edelweiss, Edelweiss Du grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸t mich jeden Morgen, Every morning you greet me You greet me every morning, Sehe ich dich, Small and white, I see you, Freue ich mich, clean and bright I am looking, Und vergess' meine Sorgen. You look happy to meet me. And I forget my worries. Schmà ¼cke das Heimatland, Blossom of snow Decorate the home country, Schà ¶n und weiß, may you bloom and grow, Beautiful and white, Blà ¼hest wie die Sterne. Bloom and grow forever. Flourishing like the stars. Edelweiß, Edelweiß, Edelweiss, Edelweis, Edelweiss, Edelweiss, Ach, ich hab dich so gerne. Bless my homeland forever. Oh, I love you so much. An  Example of How Songs Are Translated In translating songs, how they sound and flow with the music is more important than an exact transliteration of the words. Thats why the German translation is significantly different from  Hammersteins English lyrics. We dont know who wrote the German lyrics for Edelweiss, yet he or she did a good job of retaining the meaning of Hammersteins song. Its interesting to compare all three versions side by side so we can see how musical translations work.