The State Is a Necessary Evil Essay Essays

The State Is a Necessary Evil Essay Essays The State Is a Necessary Evil Essay Paper The State Is a Necessary Evil Essay Paper State. can be defined in political scientific discipline. as by and large a group of people populating a specific district and populating harmonizing to a common legal and political authorization ; a organic structure politic or state. In this definition. the term province includes authorities ; in another use. the two footings are synonymous. [ Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserve ] . George Washington said that authorities is non ground authorities is non eloquence. It is force and. like fire. it is a unsafe retainer and a fearful maestro. The above statement under treatment can be obtained or deduced from Thomas Pain quoted â€Å"Society in every province is a approval. but authorities. even in its best province. is but a necessary immorality ; in its worst province an unbearable one ; for when we suffer or are exposed to the same wretchednesss by a authorities. which we might anticipate in a state without authorities. our catastrophe is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the agencies by which we suffer† [ Thomas Paine. Common Sense 1776 ] . It has been said that all Government is an evil. It would be more proper to state that the necessity of any Government is a bad luck. This necessity nevertheless exists ; and the job to be solved is. non what signifier of Government is perfect. but which of the signifiers is least imperfect. Thomas Jefferson said in his first inaugural reference ( March 4. 1801 ) that a wise and economical government†¦ shall keep work forces from wounding one another. shall go forth them otherwise free to modulate their ain chases of industry and betterment. and shall non take from the oral cavity of labour the staff of life it has earned. This is the amount of good authorities. â€Å"Why has authorities been instituted at all? Alexander Hamilton. a Federalist said the passions of work forces will non conform to the dictates of ground and justness without restraint. Government is instituted for the common good ; for the protection. safety. prosperity. and felicity of the people ; and non for net income. award. or private involvement of any one adult male. household. or category of work forces ; hence. the people entirely have an incontestible. inalienable. and indefeasible right to establish authorities ; and to reform. alter. or wholly change the same. when their protection. safety. prosperity. and happiness require it [ John Adams. Ideas on Government 1776 ] . Its necessity can be shown even if we assume that. because of their ( the people’s ) gradualness. or beatific goodness. cipher of all time harms anybody else. In such a universe at that place would still be weaker and stronger work forces. and the weaker 1s would hold no legal right to be tolerated by the stronger 1s. but would owe them gratitude for their being so sort as to digest them. Those ( whether strong or weak ) who think this an unsatisfactory province of personal businesss. and who think that every individual should hold a right to populate. and that every individual should hold a legal claim to be protected against the power of the strong. will hold that we need a province that protects the rights of all [ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. liberalsindia. com/introduction/liberalpositionpapers/liberalpositionpapers2. php ] . â€Å"If work forces were angels. no authorities would be necessary. If angels were to regulate work forces. neither external nor internal controls on authorities would be necessary. In bordering a authorities which is to be administered by work forces over work forces. the great trouble lies in this: you must first enable the authorities to command the governed ; and in the following topographic point. compel it to command itself. † – James Madison. Federalist No. 51 February 8. 1788 Why so is authorities a necessary immorality? Its necessity has been explained but why is it so evil? Government is a signifier of insurance for society. It regulates and promotes societal contracts ( I won’t kill or steal from you if you promise non to kill or steal from me ) . Without authorities. there would be no society. Too much authorities and you have no freedom doing it a necessary immorality. Furthermore. It is easy to see that the province must be a changeless danger. or ( as I have ventured to name it ) an evil. though a necessary 1. For if the province is to carry through its map. it must hold more power at any rate than any individual private citizen or public corporation ; and although we might plan establishments to minimise the danger that these powers will be misused. we can neer extinguish the danger wholly. On the contrary. it seems that most work forces will ever hold to pay for the protection of the province. non merely in the signifier of revenue enhancements but even in the signifier of humiliation suffered. for illustration. at the custodies of intimidation functionaries. The thing is non to pay excessively to a great extent for it. Third. when two or more people live in the same country they must hold somehow to restrict their rights where rights overlap. For illustration. H2O must be shared. They do this because the approvals of cooperation are better than the solitariness of rights. Then come the misinterpretations: some people neer learn to understand rights. they think it’s victors take all.

Animal Farm by George Orwell

Animal Farm by George Orwell It was good, it was bad ; it was a dream, it was a nightmare; It was justice , it was injustice. When white becomes dark , pens try to enlighten the way for those who are strays. Orwell's pen was one of those pens. His masterpiece Animal Farm revealed the truth for the simple people who sacrificed every thing for nothing.In Animal Farm, George Orwell uses farm animals to portray people of power and the common people during the Russian Revolution. The novel starts off with the Major explaining to all the animals in the farm how they are being treated wrongly and how they can over throw their owner, Mr. Jones. They finally gang up on their owner and he leaves the farm. Then they start their own farm with their own rules and commandments. Originally the two people in charge of the Animal Farm, are Napoleon and Snowball.Government spendingOld Major is a character in the book that leads the entire crew of animals; he is the ruler in society. Boxer is a cart-pulling horse that represents t he common person in real life. Benjamin, the donkey, is the critic in society. Napoleon is the challenger in society; he is the prodessor to his ruler. Snowball is the follower of the follower in society. He does not have a mind of his own; he is a second follower.All and all, the book was unrealistic, extremely static, not prone to a suspense factor, and plain boring. It was poorly written, and for those who do not understand that...

MODELS OF HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MODELS OF HRM - Essay Example Mike Noon (1992) believes that much confusion arises because HRM is of an 'ambiguous pedigree' which can be traced back to organisational development and human capital theory. HRM appears to be an enigma, of which John Storey (1992) states is: " A basic management function or activity permeating all levels of management in any organisation. Personnel administration is organising and treating individuals at work so that they will get the greatest possible realisation of their intrinsic abilities, thus attaining maximum efficiency for themselves and their group, and thereby giving the enterprise of which they are a part its determining competitive advantage and its optimum results." (Pigors and Myers: 1969) (cited by Legg:1989) 2. A term that identifies a new and distinct approach to the management of people in the work environment. One which, although may incorporate the established personnel activities, is truly much more wide in its scope, and thus can be clearly distinguished as being such, is HRM a new phenomenon The models of HRM all lead us back to this underlying question, what is HRM, how can we define it, is it something new or simply the old re-branded, old wine in a new bottle (Torrington, 1989; Poole, 1990; Storey, 1995). Examination and analysis of the various theories... The models of HRM all lead us back to this underlying question, what is HRM, how can we define it, is it something new or simply the old re-branded, old wine in a new bottle (Torrington, 1989; Poole, 1990; Storey, 1995). Examination and analysis of the various theories and models allows us to consider whether there is one true model in existence or a combination, or, fragments of various models / ideologies. Also, we must consider how relevant in reality are the various theoretical academic frameworks, do they in fact reflect reality, or does each industry sector or business need to simply adapt their own type of model, appropriate to the nature of their enterprise One of the first models of HRM developed was in 1984 by Fombrum, Tichy and Devanna with their "matching model." The model was used to depict their proposed framework of HRM which identifies its position in relation to organisational strategy and demonstrates how HRM activities can be designed to support the strategy of an organisation. The model is manipulated to achieve strategy objectives and goals such as overall increased company performance. If HRM is to be viewed as a new management approach, then distinction from personnel management is required. Distinction may be by integration. This is proposed by Devanna et al (1984) with their model: "They suggest that Human Resource Managers perform four 'generic functions' of selection, appraisal, reward and development. Performance is the dependent variable; it is influenced by a 'cycle' of human resource interventions which represents, sequential managerial tasks." (Storey: 1992, 24) This type of integration in the form of

The Culture of the Japanese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Culture of the Japanese - Essay Example by Emperor Jimmu (United States Department of State, 2011). All monarchs since are believed to be his direct descendants, but scholars have questioned at least the first nine, with agreement only being reached on Emperor Sujin, who ruled in the third or fourth century (Yoshida, 2007). Emperors, for all of their title and power, really only ruled in the arena of politics, while warlords and aristocrats held the actual power in the country up until 1868; in the years up to World War II, the Emperor Hirohito was controlled by military leaders without wielding any power himself (Yoshida, 2007). Even today, the imperial family holds little to no political power and is rarely, if ever, seen in public (Yoshida, 2007). They are still held in high esteem, but unlike other monarchies, do not make regular appearances in public. Historically, there are two main events that spurred the culture of Japan. These were the introduction of the Chinese writing system in 405 A.D. and the introduction of Buddhism in the 6th century (United States Department of State, 2011). It is a tribute to their introduction that both original elements can still be seen in the culture of Japanese people, even in modern times. It must be noted, however, that given its great scope it would be impossible to write on all the elements of culture, both historically and what is found in the country today; volumes have been written on these very subjects that barely scratch the surface. Therefore, five essentials will be explored in detail, including the language of Japan and the arts found in Japan, both performing and visual, how Japanese society treats and views marriages and families, and what if any religions are practiced throughout the country. Pre-World War II Japan vs. Post-World War II Japan... While having undergone radical changes in almost every aspect since World War II, the Japanese have still managed to hold on to ancient traditions and pieces of their culture that makes them unique. Not all was lost to surrender in 1945, for as a people, they managed to pull themselves up as a culture and raise themselves from a large percentage of destroyed cities to a nation that today commands respect. The Japanese people appear to enjoy simplicity and rigidity while adhering to complexities that would make those raised outside of the country shake their heads in wonder. Their language holds over 1,945 characters, and one small area defines the â€Å"standard† use of the language, while dialects are used freely. While moving forward in terms of equal support under constitutional law, the male is still considered the head of the household and women are expected to take on the demands of the household, including being the primary parent in raising the children and taking care of any elderly parents (from either side of the family) after marriage. Marriage in and of itself even appears to have a rigidly defined set of parameters, with men and women of eligible age declining to date freely but appearing happy to be set up with others in their network of peers, and marriages due to the woman being pregnant are becoming commonplace. Even their religions appear simple and yet compl ex, as two religions, with a third that is practiced but not by the majority of the country, can define major portions of life events. Again, this country appears, on the surface, to have a culture of sameness, but underneath it lays rich traditions and heritage that, while moving forward with modern times, Japanese people are not willing to let go of.

Compare and contrast these two newspaper articles Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast these two newspaper articles Essay The tabloid and broadsheet articles have the same topic but are written in extremely different styles. They are both in the same place within the two papers and are not on the front page. This shows they are not major stories. The lexis and syntax are different as is the graphology. The tabloids aim for target readers in social groups C2, D and E while the broadshhet papers aim for target readers in social groups A, B and C1. The tabloid paper uses the pyramid formation to lay out the pages. The headline is made the biggest piece of writting to grab attention. A pun is put in to get you to then read on. For Prince Harry they use His Royal Styness which is a play on words were they involve the story and how he is being punished by having to work on a farm. The tabloid then focuses mainly on the pictures which have been manipulated by adding in people that arent there to make Harry look worse so more people will want to read the rest of the story. The picture was superimposed and this sets you up for the following text. The writting its self isnt very informative and uses a basic lexis and syntax for wearing a Nazi uniform to a pals fancy dress party. this uses a more Colloquial language. The style is informal and the writer uses a semantic field of Nazis and pig farming. The tabloid also has small side stories and links that lead of in another direction, they have a story still involved with the royal family but moves of Prince Harry and on to the whole royal family when they have a survey about them. The writer makes the overall register quite playful and slightly mocking towards the Prince making him look less respectable Weed the plants (not that weed Harry) is put into embarasses him as he had been acused of doing cannabis before. The writting is more opinion based The rowdy royal than factual based and it doesnt state who the quotes are from in name a security resource revealed. Unlike the broadsheet paper so it shows that the tabloid paper is more factual. In the broadsheet paper the quotes seem more reliable because it says exactly who is saying it and it gives a short amount of information about who the quote is from Ian Davidson, the MP for Glasgow. This article doesnt exploit the story and use it as an excuse to mock Prince Harry. The writer Andrew Pierce puts in his opinion subtly. The writer makes fewer puns and uses fewer pictures and focuses more on the actual text. Pierce uses a more intellectual syntax and using a wider and more polysyllabic words recomendations, combination and commemorate. Pierce uses longer more complex scentences using more clauses the hearings, which will be televised, begin on February 7. The target readership is for people who generally enjoy reading, like those in social groups A, B and C1. Pierce took a different perspective on this story and didnt focus on Harry so much but spread the story wider to cover the whole of the royal family questioning them politaclly and morally. Plans by German politicians .. could cause further embarrassment for the Royal Family This shows that the braodsheet paper is taking things into more depth. The graphology is plainer with just the headline, the text and a small picture making you focus more on the actual text. The overal register is more serious and truthful. The broadsheet paper and tabloid papers are on two very different levels. The broadsheet is more in depth and formal, while the tabloid is more informal and uses a more colloquial language. This shows the different styles of writting used and the different layouts.

Powerful Parallels and Deep Divides: Pluralism in The Poem of the Cid a

Both The Poem of the Cid and The Song of Roland were written in a time period where great new developments were occurring in Europe, but none more crucial than the beginning of the Crusades and the ethnocentric viewpoint they propagated and were propagated by (Quinn). Of great interest is the manner in which both works deal with the nature of pluralism in European history. For the sake of this essay, pluralism will be defined simply as a state of more than one. Both works, written at approximately the same time (1130-1170 for The Song of Roland and approximately 1207 for The Poem of the Cid, as per the book's forewords) have astonishing similarities and stark contrasts, which when put in context are incredibly revealing of their respective author's/culture's attitudes about economic, cultural, and religious pluralism. An often overlooked place to begin evaluating these stories lies in their depictions of economic systems. The Song of Roland depicts a system that is primarily based on the giving of tribute, namely exotic gifts and treasure; clearly shown when Blancandrin counsels Marsilla to achieve peace with Charlemagne by promising him â€Å"bears and lions and dogs, 700 hundred camels and a thousand moulted hawks† (Burgess, page 30). However, it is important to note that the concept of paying with money is not entirely absent from the novel, â€Å"you will have enough gold bezants to pay your mercenaries well† (Burgess, page 33). In The Song of Roland we see our first evidence of a plural economy. The dominant system is the giving of lavish gifts in the form of tribute to one's betters or equals like Marsile to Charlemagne; which is followed by the less important/common payment of money to one's inferiors a la Charlemagne to his mercen... ...rfully with The Poem of the Cid and its multi-cultural and relatively accepting Spanish ideal of â€Å"convivencia† (Kahf) that embraced diversity in its many forms. While both works contain strong similarities due to the proximity of their geographic and temporal origins and the struggles that were occurring there, namely the Crusades; subtle nuances and seemingly minor differences between the two works reveal two very different views on pluralism. Bibliography: Burgess, Glyn S.  The Song of Roland. London, England: Penguin, 1990. Print. Hamilton, Rita, Janet H. Perry, and Ian Michael.  The Poem of the Cid. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984. Print. Quinn, William. "The Crusades 1&2." 8 and 13 March 2012. Lecture. Quinn, William. â€Å"Cantar del mio Cid Campeador.† 3 April 2012. Lecture Kahf, â€Å"Medieval Spain, Competing Narratives.† 27 March 2012. Lecture

Clause 49 – Listing Agreement

CORPORATE WORLD Clause 49 of Listing Agreement on Corporate Governance —Dilip Kumar Sen SEBI has revised Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement pertaining to corporate governance vide circular dated October 29, 2004, which supersedes all other earlier circulars issued by SEBI on this subject. The article highlights important changes in the corporate governance norms. C lause 49 of the Listing Agreement, which deals with Corporate Governance norms that a listed entity should follow, was first introduced in the financial year 2000-01 based on recommendations of Kumar Mangalam Birla committee.After these recommendations were in place for about two years, SEBI, in order to evaluate the adequacy of the existing practices and to further improve the existing practices set up a committee under the Chairmanship of Mr Narayana Murthy during 2002-03. The Murthy committee, after holding three meetings, had submitted the draft recommendations on corporate governance norms. After deliberations, SEBI accepted the recommendations in August 2003 and asked the Stock Exchanges to revise Clause 49 of the Listing recommendations and the same was put up on SEBI website on 15th December 2003 for public comments.It was only on 29th October 2004 that SEBI finally announced revised Clause 49, which will have to be implemented by the end of financial year 2004-05. These revised recommendations have also considerably diluted the original Murthy Committee recommendations. Areas where major changes were made include: ? Independence of Directors ? Whistle Blower policy ? Performance evaluation of nonexecutive directors ? Mandatory training of non-executive directors, etc. The changes in corporate governance norm as prescribed in the revised Clause 49 are as follows: A. Composition of BoardThe revised clause prescribes six tests, which a non-executive director needs to pass to qualify as an Independent Director. The existing requirement is that to qualify as an Independent Director, the di rector should not have, apart from receiving director’s remuneration, any other material pecuniary relationship or transactions with the company, its promoters, its management or its subsidiaries, which in the judgment of the Board may affect independence of judgment of the director. This requirement finds place in the revised clause also Agreement based on Murthy committee recommendations.This led to widespread protests and representations from the Industry thereby forcing the Murthy committee to meet again to consider the objections. The committee, thereafter, considerably revised the earlier The author is Vice President, Tata Tea Ltd. He can be reached at dilip. [email  protected] co. in THE CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT 806 DECEMBER 2004 CORPORATE WORLD except that the relationship will now extend to its management, its holding company and its associates in addition to the existing list. Further the Board is no longer required to judge the independence status of a director as at present.Five new clauses have been added to determine independence of a director. These are: (i) He is not related to promoters or persons occupying management positions at the board level or at one level below the board; (ii) He has not been an executive of the company in the preceding three financial years; (iii) He is not a partner or an executive or was not partner or an executive during the preceding three years of (a) the statutory audit firm or the internal audit firm that is associated with the company; and (b) the legal and consulting firms that have a material association with the company. iv) He is not a material supplier, service provider or customer or a lessor or lessee of the company, and (v) He is not a substantial shareholder of the company owning two percent or more of the block of voting shares. The new tests of ‘independence’, the readers would recall, were mostly included in the Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2003. The important and practical change t hat has now been made is addition of the word ‘material’ in item (iv) above. Without use of the word ‘material’, technically even a single supply or purchase by the director to or from the company would have taken away independence status if he/she was otherwise eligible.However, the word ‘material’ has not been defined. Nominee directors of Institutions are now to be considered as ‘Independent Director’. While on the subject of Independent Director one must remember that no one is invited to join a board to act as a nonexecutive director unless he/she is well known to the Promoters or the Chairman or the Managing Director. All non-executive directors, whether or not independent, need support of Promoter Group for their reelection. If the purpose or objective of having a specified number of independent directors on the boards of listed companies is to ensure that boards are notTwothird of the members of Audit committee shall be ind ependent directors as against the present requirement of majority being independent. packed with ‘yes-men’ or to ensure constructive criticism one needs to ponder how many independent directors can freely raise questions at board meetings. Is it right that a vast majority of them invariably support every proposal of management? Only a few persons who are eminent in their own fields may ask right questions, even if they look inconvenient, at board meetings but the majority may not muster enough courage to do so.It may therefore appear that no amount of regulation can ensure how an independent director should behave at board meetings. After all independence is a matter of attitude and a director who is conscious about his responsibilities, will always raise right questions at board meetings, whether or not he holds the independent status. The original recommendation of the Murthy Committee for mandatory training and updating of knowledge of directors has now been shifted to non-mandatory requirement, most probably in the face of strong opposition from industry.This indeed is sad as a vast majority of directors are in need of training in the business model of the company and for updating of knowledge. I do THE CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT 807 DECEMBER 2004 CORPORATE WORLD believe that a beginning in this regard was immediately necessary. It may not be out of place to mention here that under the Listing requirements of UK all directors are mandatory required to regularly update and refresh their skills and knowledge. From the point of view of listed companies, a declaration should be obtained annually from all independent directors confirming compliance with all six conditions of independence.The CEO/CFO Certification is a new requirement and is based on Sarbanes Oxley Act of USA. Five new items have been added under nonmandatory requirements and the existing item on Postal ballot has been deleted. (ii) A code of Conduct for Board members and senior managemen t has to be laid down by the Board which should be posted on the website of the company. All Board members and senior management should affirm compliance with the code on annual basis and the annual report shall contain a declaration to this effect signed by the CEO. B.Non-Executive Directors’ compensation & disclosures A new requirement has been provided for obtaining prior approval of shareholders for payment of fees/compensation to non-executive directors. If there is stock option, the limit for the maximum number that can be granted to non-executive directors in any financial year and in aggregate should be disclosed. According to the Companies Act, 1956 fees paid to directors do not form part of Managerial remuneration and hence no approval of shareholders for payment of fees to directors is required.Listed companies will now need to obtain prior approval of shareholders for payment of sitting fees to directors. Unless the Government is contemplating to change the law an d bring sitting fees within the ambit of Managerial remuneration this contradiction should have been avoided. (v) Role of the Audit committee has been enlarged to include (a) matters required to be included in Directors’ Responsibility statement; (b) to review the functioning of Whistle Blower mechanism if the same is existing and (iii) review of performance of statutory and internal auditors. vi)The Audit committee will also mandatorily review (a) Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial condition and results of operations; (b) statement of significant related party transactions; (c) Management letters/letters of internal control weaknesses issued by t h e D. Audit Committee Following are the changes with regard to Audit Committee: (i) Two-third of the members of Audit committee shall be independent directors as against the present requirement of majority being independent; (ii) Earlier, only non-executive directors could be members of Audit committee. The revised cla use has omitted this requirement. iii) All members of the Audit committee shall be financially literate (as defined in the revised clause) as against the existing requirement of at least one member having financial and accounting knowledge. (iv) Minimum number of Audit committee meetings in a year increased to 4 from 3. C. Other provisions relating to Board (i) Gap between two meetings has been reduced to three months from four months ruling at present. statutory auditors; (d) Internal audit reports relating to internal control weaknesses, and (v) To review the appointment, removal and terms of remuneration of the Chief Internal Auditor.The Audit committee will no longer be required to review the company’s financial and risk management policies. Risk assessment and minimization procedures will now be reviewed by the Board. Listed companies should now THE CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT 808 DECEMBER 2004 CORPORATE WORLD ascertain from their respective Audit committees the frequency of re porting related party transactions, frequency of discussing Management letters issued by the statutory auditors etc. drawn to the following: (a) Material non-listed Indian subsidiary has been mentioned only for Board representation.In respect of review of financial statements of unlisted subsidiary by the audit committee of holding company and placing of minutes and significant transactions entered into by subsidiary, it is significant that the words ‘material’ and ‘Indian’ solidated turnover or net worth respectively of the listed company and its subsidiaries. This definition is likely to exclude most of the unlisted subsidiaries as they are not likely to meet the turnover or net worth test. (c) Significant transaction or arrangement shall mean any individual transaction that exceeds 10% of the total revenues/expenses/assets/liabilities of the subsidiary.It is difficult to understand the logic of excluding subsidiaries incorporated abroad from the purview of representation on the board by an independent director. E. Subsidiary Companies These are new requirements, which provide for the following: (i) At least one indepen- T th he o m e ri in an M gin ha g o dat ur t al r m s f or hy ec pr an now kno y tr C om op ob dat b w ain o me in po ab or een led in mm nd de s ly y g g i a ed itio in re cha e o an tte tio qu n f d e n is n th g o sa fro e ire ed dir up fo f d. m fac me as ec da r i n e n t a n t o r tdu o f , o s st st mo nry ro s . T n t hi g s F.Disclosures Following new disclosure requirements have been specified in the revised clause 49: (i) Statement on transactions with related parties in the ordinary course of business shall be placed before the Audit committee periodically; (ii) Details of material individual transactions with related parties which are not in the normal course of business shall be placed before the Audit committee; and (iii) Details of material individual transactions with related parties or others, whic h are not on arm’s length basis should be placed before Audit committee together with management’s justification for the same.Here also, the word ‘material’ has not been defined. Listed companies should ascertain dent director on the Board of the holding company shall be a director on the board of a material non-listed Indian subsidiary company; (ii) The audit committee of the holding company shall review the financial statements, in particular, the investments made by the unlisted subsidiary company; (iii) The minutes of board meetings of the unlisted subsidiary company shall be placed at the board meeting of the holding company.The management should periodically bring to the attention of the holding company a statement of all significant transactions and arrangements entered into by the unlisted subsidiary company. Attention of the readers is have not been used. It can therefore be interpreted that board meeting minutes, financial statements and signific ant transactions of all unlisted subsidiaries whether incorporated in India or abroad are to be placed before the board of the holding company or to be reviewed by the audit committee of the holding company.Is this the intention? (b) Material non-listed Indian subsidiary shall mean an unlisted subsidiary, incorporated in India, whose turnover or net worth exceeds 20% of the con- THE CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT 809 DECEMBER 2004 CORPORATE WORLD from their respective audit committees the frequency of reporting such transactions. (iv) Financial statements should disclose together with management’s explanation any accounting treatment different from that prescribed in Accounting Standard. v)The company will lay down procedures to inform board members about the risk assessment and minimization procedures which shall be periodically reviewed by the Board. (vi) The company shall disclose to the Audit committee on a quarterly basis the use of funds raised through public/ rights/preferential issues. Annually a statement showing use of funds for purposes other than those stated in Offer document/prospectus should be placed before the Audit committee. Such statement should be certified by the statutory auditors. vii) Under ‘Remuneration of Directors’ new disclosure requirements have been prescribed, which include criteria of making payments to nonexecutive directors, shares and convertible instruments held by non-executive directors and shareholding (both own and held on beneficial basis) of nonexecutive directors to be disclosed in the notice of general meeting called for approving appointment of such director. 2002-03. The revised Clause only requires CEO and CFO to certify to the Board the annual financial statements in the prescribed format.While this certification will certainly provide comfort to the non-executive directors and will indeed act as the basis for the Board to make Directors’ Responsibility Statement in terms of section 217(2AA) of the Companies Act, 1956, it is not clear why SEBI did not require the listed companies to include such certification in the Annual Report. While the new corporate governance norms are more stringent than the existing requirements it must be appreciated that while regulations in these areas are necessary, regulations per se cannot and will not ensure good corporate governance.H. Compliance Report The format of quarterly report to be submitted to the Stock Exchanges has been revised and the new format follows the revised requirements of Clause 49. The CEO or the Compliance officer can now sign the compliance report. The annual corporate governance report should disclose adoption or non-adoption of non-mandatory requirements. G. CEO/CFO Certification This is a new requirement and is based on the Sarbanes Oxley Act of USA. This had also been recommended by the Naresh Chandra Committee set up by the Centre in I. Non-mandatory requirementsFive new items have been added under non-mandatory require- ments and the existing item on Postal ballot has been deleted. The first new item states that Independent directors may not have tenure not exceeding in the aggregate a period of nine years on the Board of the company. The next item relates to companies moving towards a regime of unqualified audit report. The third item deals with training of board members in the business model of the company as well as risk profile of the business parameters of the company and responsibilities of directors and how best to discharge it.The fourth item deals with performance evaluation of non-executive directors by a peer group comprising the entire Board. The fifth item relates to setting up of a whistle blower policy in the company. While the new corporate governance norms are more stringent than the existing requirements it must be appreciated that while regulations in these areas are necessary, regulations per se cannot and will not ensure good corporate governance. Attention of readers is drawn towards the Report on Observance of Standards and Codes carried out under a joint programmed of World Bank and IMF.This report benchmarks the observance of corporate governance in India against the benchmark Principles of Corporate THE CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT 810 DECEMBER 2004 CORPORATE WORLD Governance laid down by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The assessment team had extensively interviewed issuers, institutional investors, financial institutions, market analysts, lawyers, accountants and auditors. The report was also discussed by Government of India and cleared by the DEA for publication in June 2004. Following are the areas identified for reform in the World Bank report: a.Sanctions and enforcements: Sanctions and enforcements should be credible deterrents to help align business practices with the legal and regulatory framework, in particular with regard to related party transactions and insider trading. b. The current framework places the oversight of listed companies partly with DCA, partly with SEBI and partly with Stock exchanges. This fragmented structure gives rise to regulatory arbitrage and weakens enforcement. c. If boards are to move away from simply ‘rubber stamping’ the decisions of management or promoters they must have a clear understanding of what is expected from them.They should know their duties of care and loyalty to the company and all shareholders. They should know their responsibilities and should be familiar with the changes in this regard arising from changes in laws and regulations. A key missing ingredient is a strong focus on professionalism of directors. Director training institutes can play a key capacity building role and expand the pool of competent candidates. d. Institutional investors acting in a fiduciary capacity should be encouraged to form a comprehensive corporate governance policy including voting and board representation.It will be observed that the World Bank report has stressed the need of training and updating of knowledge of directors. Unfortunately the recommendation of Murthy Committee in this regard has now been shifted as nonmandatory requirement. The rationale of industry’s objection to mandatory training, etc. of directors is not readily understandable. Hopefully, when the governance norms are reviewed next the training and knowledge updating would be made mandatory requirement. A new requirement has been provided for obtaining prior approval of shareholders for payment of fees/compensation to nonexecutive directors.If there is stock option, the limit for the maximum number that can be granted to nonexecutive directors in any financial year and in aggregate should be disclosed.  ¦ Leading light of CA world, SN Desai passes away ne of the highly revered Chartered Accountants and a leading light of the profession, ICAI’s former-president Shri Shantanu Nanubhai Desai passed away on 10th November 2004 in Mumbai. Born on 26th January 1925, he became a member of our Institute in 1949 and rose to become one of the pillars of the profession.Having become President of ICAI in 1961-62 at a young age of 35, he had served as a Central Council member for decades. He was actively associated with Indian Merchants Chamber as its Managing Committee member for a long period of 32 years. He became its President in 1976. He had held several distinguished positions in his illustrious professional life, including as Member of the High Powered Sachar Committee on Company Law & MRTP Reforms, as Chairman/ Director of several reputed public companies besides as a member of ASSOCHAM. Mr.Desai was also the founder member of the Bombay Chartered Accountants Society. A Rotarian of repute and a veteran of several Committees, Mr. Desai was a free, frank and modest personality— a thorough gentleman who endeared one and all with his qualities of both head and heart. Mr. Desai’s services to the cause of our pro fession and his long career of more than 50 years as one of our profession’s most distinguished ambassadors will long be remembered and will continue to inspire new generation of Chartered Accountants. O THE CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT 811 DECEMBER 2004

The Importance of Learning to Play a Musical Instrument

Secondly, it helps build your team skills and your social skills. Finally, music helps broaden your knowledge of cultures. These reasons are just the tip of the iceberg. Music is the glue which helps connect us all. Firstly, Imagine a wonderful combination of notes and sounds, calming people down. It helps take away everyone's troubles. A combination of notes that relaxes you and allows you to float away with the sounds. A combination of notes that everyone can enjoy. Melodic music is like a calming stream and is a great stress relief.Many people enjoy coming home and playing on their instrument and unwinding after a long and stressful day. Music also helps you learn, not only patterns and rhythms, but math's and other school subjects as well. It has been proven that students who participate in a music program score higher on tests and do better in school. It doesn't matter if the students are in primary school, middle school, or high school, as the results are the same throughout al l years of schooling. According to a study done tit year g's, some students played the Plano and keyboard, while other students did not.The students who participated In playing the Plano and keyboard scored 27% higher In math tests than the students who TLD participate In learning the Instrument. Another study with high school students who took the Stats showed that students with experience in music performance and music appreciation scored higher, by up to 63 points, than students with no arts participation. There are multiple studies that prove time and time again that music programs are very valuable and beneficial for students. Secondly, music helps build your team skills. Team skills are a very important in life.Whether Its playing a sport, or having to do a Joint project at school, everyone, at some stage will have to be part of a team. Playing an Instrument requires you to work with others, so your music sounds good. In a band or orchestra setting, you must learn how to coope rate with the people around you. Also, In order for a group to make beautiful music, each player and section must learn how to listen to each other musical instrument leads to the potential chance of creating or Joining a group or and. Performing and rehearsing together may lead to you becoming friends.The world of music opens doors that usually wouldn't be open to you. It provides the opportunity to go to places and meet people that you may not have had the chance to meet before. It's very common for people to gain lifelong friendships through musical activities. Finally, music helps you understand other cultures. Often music reflects the environment and times of its creation. Therefore, you learn a variety of music types such as classical traditions, folk music, medieval, and other genres. Music itself is history, and each piece usually has its own background and storyline that can further your appreciation of other cultures.Music can include a range of different instruments, from all over the world. When you are listening to music from another country, you may notice some things that seem odd. Whether it's a different language being spoken or sung, or an instrument like tapping sticks that you may have never heard before, every song has a part of its country included into it. After all, music makes the world go round. In conclusion, today's world is one of rapid growth and development in all areas, be it technology, population, or any number of things.A well-rounded education is essential for equipping students with all the skills necessary to fare well in modern society. A strong emphasis on the basic core areas of reading, writing, math, and science are a must, but music should be as well. This way more students will learn to love music and will carry on the tradition of making music for the world hear. Not only can music better prepare students for successes both academically and referentially, but it can also become the base for a memorable, happy, and involved social life.The future of this planet lies in the hands of the students; are we going to poorly equip them by denying some of them the opportunity to experience and learn from music or are we going to prepare them for success and let them play musical instruments? Whether you are poor or rich, young or old, smart or dumb, music unites us all. If you are not playing an instrument, I suggest you go and start learning one. Are we really going to deny that playing a musical instrument is important?

3 Cases of Erroneous Punctuation with Quotations

3 Cases of Erroneous Punctuation with Quotations 3 Cases of Erroneous Punctuation with Quotations 3 Cases of Erroneous Punctuation with Quotations By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, punctuation associated with a quoted phrase or a partial or full quotation is not appropriate. Discussion after each example explains why the punctuation should either be changed or omitted altogether, and one or more revisions illustrate correct treatment of the quoted material. 1. The old saying, â€Å"What gets rewarded gets done,† is as true with risk management as with any other business process. The phrase â€Å"the old saying† should not be treated restrictively- â€Å"What gets rewarded gets done† is not the only old saying; it is being described as an old saying- so omit punctuation between the phrase and the saying itself: â€Å"The old saying ‘What gets rewarded gets done’ is as true with risk management as with any other business process.† 2. The company responded in a statement Friday that the newspaper article showed, â€Å"a complete disregard for basic journalistic standards.† Because the partial quotation complements the attribution to complete a sentence that requires no internal punctuation, do not use such punctuation to separate the attribution and the quotation: â€Å"The company responded in a statement Friday that the newspaper article showed ‘a complete disregard for basic journalistic standards.’† 3. â€Å"I would like to do a college fund for him, it’s not the kid’s fault,† he said. Regardless of whether such a sentence is a quotation or not, the use of a mere comma to separate two independence clauses without the support of a conjunction is incorrect: â€Å"’I would like to do a college fund for him; it’s not the kid’s fault,’ he said.† However, using a semicolon in a quotation has always seemed stiffly formal to me; simply as a personal preference, I would use a more dashing punctuation mark: â€Å"’I would like to do a college fund for him- it’s not the kid’s fault,’ he said.† Another alternative is to insert the attribution between the two clauses, treating them as separate sentences: â€Å"‘I would like to do a college fund for him,’ he said. ‘It’s not the kid’s fault.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictEmail Etiquette7 Other Types of Pronouns

Reflexive Spanish Verbs That Change Meaning

Reflexive Spanish Verbs That Change Meaning Often, the difference in meaning between a simple verb and its corresponding reflexive verb (formed in the infinitive form by adding the suffix  -se) is slight, even nonexistent. For example, the verb desayunar typically means to eat breakfast, while desayunarse has little, if any, discernible difference in meaning. Sometimes, however, the difference in meaning is substantial - enough so that it is listed separately in the dictionary, and sometimes so that its meaning isnt readily predictable if you know the meaning of the root verb. Following are among the verbs with significantly different meanings in the reflexive form. This list is far from complete, and only the most common English translations are included here. Note also that usage of these verbs can vary with region, and that some speakers may use some verbs in the reflexive form as a way to change emphasis rather than to make a clear change in meaning: acusar (to accuse), acusarse (to confess or admit): Acusaron a Mà ³nica de arreglar los resultados. (They accused Monica of cleaning up the results.)  Me acuso de ser drogadicto.  (I admit to being a drug addict. aparecer (to appear), aparecerse (to appear, often said of a supernatural event): El hombre ms buscado aparecià ³ en la fotografà ­a. (The most-wanted man appeared in the photograph.)  Muchos creen que se aparecià ³ la virgen Marà ­a en Mà ©xico.  (Many believe the Virgin Mary appeared in Mexico.) cambiar (to change), cambiarse (to switch to a different item, such as changing clothes or moving to a different house): Hay tres libros que cambiaron mi vida. (There are three books that changed my life.)  Nos cambiamos de compaà ±Ãƒ ­a telefà ³nica.  (Were switching to a different telephone company.) desenvolver (to unwrap), desenvolverse (to cope or manage):  Ya desenvolvà ­ tu regalo. (Ive already unwrapped your gift.) Mi madre se desenvuelve bien con los turistas. (My mother copes well with the tourists.) dormir (to sleep), dormirse (to fall asleep): Dormà ­a en el interior de un auto de un amigo. (He would sleep in a friends car.)  Se durmià ³ una noche escuchando la radio.  (He fell asleep one night listening to the radio.) gastar (to spend), gastarse (to wear out, to use up): Gastà ³ todo el dinero en sus tarjetas de dà ©bito. (He spent all the money on his debit cards.)   Las suelas de los zapatos se gastaron. (The soles of the shoes wore out.) ir (to go), irse (to go away): Fue a la crcel por lavar dà ³lares. (He went to jail for laundering dollars.)  Mi nià ±a se fue a la mar a contar olas.  (My girl went away to the sea to count the waves.) llevar (to carry), llevarse (to take):  ¿Quà © llevaba la doctor Blanco en la bolsa? (What is Dr. Blanco carrying in her purse?)  El ladrà ³n se llevà ³ dos obras de Picasso. (The thief took two works of Picasso.) ocurrir (to occur or happen), ocurrirse (to have a sudden idea): Nos ocurre exactamente lo mismo que explica Sandra.  (The same thing happens to us that Sandra talks about.)  Una idea se me ocurrià ³ mientras estudiaba biologà ­a.  (An idea occurred to me while I was studying biology.) parecer (to seem like), parecerse (to look physically like): La situacià ³n de Bolivia no es lo que parece. (The situation in Bolivia isnt what it seems like.)  El desierto de Arizona se parece mucho al de Zacatecas.  (The Arizona desert looks a lot like Zacatecas.) poner (to put), ponerse (to put on, such as clothing): Lo analizar y lo pondr en la categorà ­a correcta. (He will analyze it and put it in the correct category.)  No me pondrà © nunca una gorra de bà ©isbol.  (I will never put on a baseball cap.) salir (to leave), salirse (to leave unexpectedly or quickly, to leak): Ernesto salià ³ por los cayos al norte de Cuba. (Ernesto left by way of the keys to the north of Cuba.)  Un avià ³n con 62 ocupantes se salià ³ de la pista del aeropuerto.  (A plane with 62 on board unexpectedly left the runway.) saltar (to jump), saltarse (to jump over, to skip an event or avoid an obligation): Las focas, los delfines, y las ballenas saltan frecuentemente. (Seals, dolphins and whales often jump.)  Ms chinos se saltan la ley del hijo à ºnico.  (More Chinese are ignoring the one-child law.) volver (to return), volverse (to turn around, to make an unexpected return): Los secuestrados volvieron a casa.  (The hostages returned home.)  Las abejas asesinas de Sudamà ©rica se volvieron ms fuertes.  (The South American killer bees returned stronger.)

Management Perspectives on Leadership & Motivation Assignment

Management Perspectives on Leadership & Motivation - Assignment Example She is a kind of leader who looks towards every single matter with deep interest because she is of the viewpoint that negligence towards even a minor issue can result in big problems for the company. She wants to be fully aware of every single issue related to the company. She is also a transformational leader because she has always motivated her employees to show improved efficiency and productivity. She focuses on creativity and innovation. It is due to her effective leadership potential that has kept General Motors on a top position among auto manufactures in the very intense competition within this industry. From the interview, we realized that Ms. Barra has always tried to motivate others to do their best for the company. She motivates employees by making them aware of the benefits that they can receive upon the completion of their assigned job tasks. She has played her role in building the culture of respect and encouragement within the organization in order to keep employees satisfied with their jobs and motivated towards achievement of goals. She thinks employees as the most precious asset of the company and does everything to meet their needs which we think is the best way to keep employees motivated. Although she is both an effective leader and a successful manager, but we think she is more of a leader as she has a visionary outlook and is able to see long-term effects of any organizational activity. She possesses the ability to influence others using creative and emotional thinking powers of the right brain. She said that today employees are not usually satisfied with their jobs and employee turnover is high even when finding a good employment opportunity is not easy. According to Ms. Barry, keeping employees motivated and lowering the employee turnover are the two main issues for organizations these days. Refer to your Summary Table to complete this section. Provide a two to three page summary (single-spaced, please)

Marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing strategy - Essay Example TOMS shoes has been successful in coming up with trendy shoes that not only make their customers look good but also feel good. Their customers feel that they are making a difference by just purchasing TOMS shoes. The company uses the WIIFM philosophy which means ‘What’s in it for me’. They do this by offering high-quality shoes and also make their clients feel they are supporting a good cause (Russo 84). As you walk in the streets, you are likely to see a number of young people wearing TOMS shoes. This is because the company designs and markets trendy shoes that appeal most to the younger generation. To keep up with the current market trends, TOMS shoes has been forced to expand its product line and now offers a variety of shoes to their customers. One factor that distinguishes TOMS shoes is the fact that they have kept their promise of delivering free shoes for every shoe purchase made. Many businesses start with a good cause, but greed for money ends up ruining the company. The company also has goals and ensures that it meets its set goals. It is interesting to note that TOMS shoes are a profitable business and not a charity